1. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
Major blood vessels of the body
1-Large Veins of the body
2- large arteries of the body
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2. inferior petrosal sinus brachiocephalic veins
Internal jugular veins
Major veins of the HEAD AND NECK
Begin at base of cranium
as sigmoid sinus
and
inferior petrosal sinus
Receive tributaries from the face and neck
Unites with
subclavian veins
to form
brachiocephalic veins
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Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات

3. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
1-Brachiocephalic Veins
VEINS OF THE THORAX
the right internal jugular veins
The brachiocephalic veinS:
formed by the union of the subclavian and the internal jugular veins
The right and left brachiocephalic veins unite to form the superior vena cava
the right subclavian
2-Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava contains all the venous blood from the head and neck and both upper limbs
is formed by the union of the two brachiocephalic veins
It passes downward to end in the right atrium of the heart
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4. 3-Azygos Veins The azygos veins consist of: a-THE MAIN AZYGOS VEIN
b-THE INFERIOR HEMIAZYGOS VEIN
c-THE SUPERIOR HEMIAZYGOS VEIN
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5. For example, femoral vein drains the thigh
Deep Veins of the lower limbs
Drains the thigh
You should know the names for each major vein and the part the that they drain.
For example, femoral vein drains the thigh
Drains the knee join
26 أيار، 19
They drain the leg
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6. Empty into popliteal veins in popliteal fossa
Superficial veins of the lower limbs
The Longest veins in body
Begins at medial end of venous arches of foot.
Pass anterior to medial malleolus.
Empty into femoral veins
2-Small saphenous vein
Begin at lateral aspect of dorsal venous arches of foot.
Pass posterior to lateral malleolus.
Empty into popliteal veins in popliteal fossa
1-Great Saphenous vein
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7. 2-Basilic veins 1-Cephalic veins SUPERFICIAL VEINS of the upper limbs
3- Median cubital vein:
A connection between the basilic and cephalic veins.
Is a common site for taking blood samples
2-Basilic veins
1-Cephalic veins
Begins on medial aspects of dorsal venous networks of hands
4-Median antebrachial veins
Begins on lateral aspect of
dorsal venous arch (plexus) of the hand
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8. Should go first to the liver (never to heart directly)
The liver stores and modifies
Some substances that have been absorbed from
the gastrointestinal tract .
For example,
The liver converts glucose into glycogen for storage
The liver also detoxifies
harmful substances, such as alcohol,
destroys bacteria by phagocytosis
Portal Circulation
Read only
For all the above reasons and other reasons
All the venous derange from the gastrointestinal tract
Should go first to the liver (never to heart directly)
Read only
Therefore, the veins of all the organs of the gastrointestinal tract drain back to the liver via two main veins:
1- superior mesenteric vein
2- The splenic vein
The blood from the liver via the hepatic veins goes back to the heart through the inferior vena cava
Then the two veins unite behind
the neck of the pancreas to form the portal vein
The portal vein then convey the blood into THE LIVER
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9. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
2-Major Arteries of the body
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10. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
Large Arteries
Aorta
The aorta is the main arterial trunk that delivers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body.
It is divided for purposes of description into the following parts:
A-ASCENDING AORTA
B-ARCH OF THE AORTA
C-DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA (above diaphragm)
ABDOMINAL AORTA (below diaphragm)
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11. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
A-Ascending Aorta
The ascending aorta lies within the fibrous pericardium
Begins at the base of the left ventricle
Ends at the level of the sternal angle, where it becomes continuous with the arch of the aorta
Branches
The right coronary artery
The left coronary artery
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12. B-Arch of the Aorta is a continuation of the ascending aorta
Ends at the level of the sternal angle where it becomes continuous with the descending aorta.
Branches
a-THE BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY
arises from the convex surface of the aortic arch
It divides into:
1-THE RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
2-RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
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13. b-The left common carotid artery c-The left subclavian artery
Arises from the convex surface of the aorta
c-The left subclavian artery
arises from the aortic arch
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14. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
C- Descending Thoracic Aorta
begins as a continuation of the arch of the aorta on the
At the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, it passes behind the diaphragm (through the aortic opening) in the midline and becomes continuous with the abdominal aorta.
Branches
1-Posterior intercostal arteries are given off to the lower nine intercostal spaces
2-Pericardial, esophageal, and bronchial arteries are small branches that are distributed to these organs.
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15. 2-Superior mesenteric artery 3-Inferior mesenteric artery
The (descending) abdominal aorta
1-Celiac trunk (artery)
Supplies all organs of gastrointestinal
tract that arise from embryonic foregut,that is, from abdominal part of esophagus
to duodenum, and also spleen
2-Superior mesenteric artery
Supplies all organs of gastrointestinal
tract that arise from embryonic midgut,
that is, from duodenum to transverse
colon.
3-Inferior mesenteric artery
Supplies all organs of gastrointestinal
tract that arise from embryonic hindgut
from transverse colon to rectum
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16. At the outer border of the first rib
Subclavian artery
The left subclavian artery is a branch of the aortic arch while
The right subclavian artery is a branch from the brachiocephalic artery
At the outer border of the first rib
It becomes the
Arteries of the upper limbs
Axillary
At the lower border of teres major muscle it becomes the
Brachial
Supplies the arm
Opposite the neck of radius it divides into:
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
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Supply the forearm and the hand

17. Dr.Amjad shataratد.امجد الشطرات
Abdominal aorta
Arteries of the lower limbs
Common iliac artery
External iliac artery
Femoral artery
You need to know the names
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis artery
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18. Main arteries of the head, neck and the face
1-The common carotid
divides into
external and internal carotid arteries
at superior border of larynx
a- The external carotid artery
Supplies the face and neck
b- The internal carotid artery
The anterior cerebral artery passes forward toward frontal lobe of and Frontal, temporal, parietal
cerebrum and middle cerebral artery
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