1. GENETIC ENGINEERING

2. The beginnings 1869 DNA isolated
1944 DNA proved to be the hereditary material
1953 DNA structure determined
Image Credit :
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

3. Working with DNA
1966 The genetic code worked out Discovered to be a universal code
1967 Molecular glue Fragments of DNA can be stuck together
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

4. Recombinant DNA technology
1973 DNA cloning carried out on bacteria
Gene copied whenever the bacterium divides
Non-bacterial gene can be expressed in the bacterium
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

5. Recombinant DNA technology
1982 Transgenic mice and fruit flies produced
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

6. Recombinant DNA technology
1985 Genetic fingerprinting developed
Image Credit: Kary Mullis
Image Credit: Sir Alec Jeffreys

7. Medecine
1990 Trials for gene therapy begin
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

8. Agriculture 1994 Genetically modified organisms for food
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

9. Human Genome Project 1990-2003 The human genome worked out
identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA

10. Genomics
Today: Humans?
© 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS