1. SSWH13
The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed our world view of Europeans.

2. SCIENTIFIC REVOULTION:
Reasons:
Renaissance
Change in how people think about the world around them
Age of Exploration
New studies in astronomy and mathematics (that had been used for navigation) leads people to ask questions about the universe.

3. SCIENTIST
DISCOVERY
IMPACT
COPERNICUS
GALILEO
KEPLER
NEWTON

4. COPERNICUS (POLAND): DISCOVERY: IMPACT:
Heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe
Earth: just one of the planets that revolve around the sun
Rejected by most because if proven right, all human knowledge could be questioned

5. GALILEO (ITALY): DISCOVERY: IMAPCT: Astronomical telescope
Observed the 4 moons of Jupiter moved around the planet—exactly like Copernicus said the Earth moved around the Sun.
Caused an uproar—contradicted ancient views about the world.
Church condemned him—challenged Church teachings
Kept under house arrest for the rest of his life

6. KEPLER (GERMANY): DISCOVERY: IMPACT:
Calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
All planets do not move in a perfect circle, but in an oval- shaped orbit (ellipse)
Supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory
Proved that each planet moves in an oval-shaped orbit called an ellipse

7. NEWTON (ENGLAND): DISCOVERY: IMPACT: Laws of motion & mechanics
Calculus
Gravity force (single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun)
Gravity (single force that keeps planets in orbits around the sun)
Laws of motion
Calculus

8. ENLIGHTENMENT: Created by Scientific Revolution
Also known as the Age of Reason
Belief that people could solve any problem by using reason and the Scientific Method.
Special focus on individual rights and liberty.
Completely changed the way that people looked at government

9. ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER:
FAMOUS PUBLICATION (BOOK):
BELIEFS:
LOCKE
VOLTAIRE
ROUSSEAU

10. LOCKE (ENGLAND): FAMOUS PUBLICATION: BELIEFS:
Two Treatises of Government
Helped to influence Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, & James Madison
People were reasonable & normal
Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) belonged to all humans from birth
People formed gov. to protect natural rights
Gov. had obligation to protect all citizens & if not, people could overthrow it

11. VOLTAIRE (FRANCE): FAMOUS PUBLICATION: BELIEFS:
Philosophical Dictionary
Inequality, injustice, & superstition
Hated the slave trade

12. ROUSSEAU (FRANCE): FAMOUS PUBLICATION: BELIEFS: The Social Contract
People are naturally good, but were corrupt by society (unequal distribution of property)
Society placed too many limitations on people