1. Low Inflow Estuaries (LIEs) Hypersaline, Inverse & Thermal Estuaries
Stommel Transitions

2. Largier’s Notes

3. How and when does the system reverse?
(Hearn and Sidhu, 2003)
How and when does the system reverse?
Hypersaline but not Inverse
Depends on the
Density gradient

4. Salt-plug estuary
E ~ R
M. Tomczak’s Web Site

5. Largier’s Notes

6. Largier’s Notes

7. Hyposaline but not classical…
Largier’s Notes
Hyposaline
but not classical…

8. Largier’s Notes

9. Largier’s Notes

10. Largier’s Notes

11. Largier’s Notes

12. Largier’s Notes

13. Guaymas Bay Inverse Estuary Classical Estuary IN OUT OUT OUT IN
Valle-Levinson et al., 2001

14. Water and Soil Quality (?)
Mean Flow – Transect 4
Neap
Tides
Interface slope, spring tides ~ 2.5e-03 (25 m in 10 km)
Interface slope, neap tides ~ 2.0e-03 (18 m in 9 km)
Distance from Transect Origin (km)
Wet Period:
Classical
Dry period:
Inverse
OUT IN IN
OUT
Importance:
Water and Soil Quality (?)
Climate Variability
Another view of the exchange at the mouth– looking seaward; Inflow at cm/s; outflow at 5 cm/s
Valle-Levinson and Bosley, 2003

15. Largier’s Notes
Stommel Transitions

17. Salt and Heat ConservationQ
Freshwater
Precipitation
Flux out
Flux in
Se, Te
So, To
Heating
CLASSICAL Q
Freshwater
Evaporation
Flux out
Flux in
Se, Te
So, To
Cooling
INVERSE
Relative influence of temperature and salinity on density gradients