1. Chapter 16 Lesson 1 Kinetic Theory States of Matter
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Four States of Matter
Thermal Expansion

2. Kinetic Molecular Theory
KMT
Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all matter.
The kinetic energy (motion) of these particles increases as temperature increases.
These particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their container.

4. Four States of Matter Solids
low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
atoms held tightly into place
definite shape & volume

5. Four States of Matter Liquids
higher KE - particles can move around but are still close together
indefinite shape
definite volume

6. Four States of Matter Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
indefinite shape & volume
move more quickly than particles that make up solids

7. Four States of Matter Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, indefinite shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes

8. melting point = freezing point
Phase Changes
Heat of fusion-melting
solid to liquid.
energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase at its melting point is known as the
some attractive forces are broken
Freezing
liquid to solid
melting point = freezing point

9. Phase Changes Heat of vaporization
energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas.
all attractive forces are broken
EX: steam burns, sweating, and… the drinking bird

10. Heating Curves Evaporation Condensation
liquid to gas below the boiling point
Condensation
gas to liquid

11. Heating Curves Gas - KE  Boiling - PE  Liquid - KE  Melting - PE 
Solid - KE 

12. Phase Changes Sublimation solid to gas
EX: dry ice, freeze drying, iodine

13. Phase Changes

14. Thermal Expansion
Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled.
 Temp causes  KE. Particles collide with more force & spread out.
EX: thermostats (bimetallic strip)

15. Heating Curves Kinetic Energy Potential Energy motion of particles
related to temperature
Potential Energy
space between particles
related to phase changes

16. Solid or a Liquid? Amorphous solids and liquid crystals
two classes of materials don’t react as expected when changing states.
solids soften and gradually turn into a liquid over a temperature range
lack the highly ordered structure found in crystals
are typically long, chainlike structures that can get jumbled and twisted

17. The Strange Behavior of Water
Water molecules
unusual in that they have highly positive and highly negative areas
charged regions affect its behavior
as the temp drops the particles move closer together

18. The Strange Behavior of Water
Freezing water molecules
unlike charges are attracted to each other and line up so that only positive and negative zones are near each other.
water molecules orient themselves according to charge, empty spaces occur in the structure.
these empty spaces are larger in ice than in liquid water, so water expands when going from a liquid to a solid state.

19. Liquid Crystals
LCD
flow during the melting phase similar to a liquid, but they do not lose their ordered arrangement completely.
placed in classes depending upon the type of order they maintain when they liquefy
are highly responsive to temperature changes and electric fields.
ex: televisions, watches, clocks, and calculators