1. DISEASE CAUSING MICRO-ORGANISMS

2. PATHOGENS
Micro- organisms which cause diseases in other organisms are known as pathogens
Bacteria, fungi and viruses are micro-organisms which cause diseases in both animals and plants.
Diseases caused by pathogen are labeled infectious as it can be easily spread.

3. Diseases caused by bacteria in humans
Tuberculosis- a respiratory disease
Bacterial meningitis- affects the brain
Typhoid fever- affects the stomach and entire body
Urinary infections
Diarrhea
Cholera – affects the entire body
Syphilis – affects the entire body
Gonorrhea – affects the sexual organs

4. Diseases caused by fungi
Ring worm – affects the skin
Fungal meningitis – affects the brain
Thrush (oral candidasis) – rash in the mouth
Athletes foot- affects the feet

5. Diseases caused by viruses in man
HIV/AIDS – affects the immune system of the body
Yellow fever – affects the entire body
Common cold – affects the entire body
Rabies – affect the brain
Small pox – affects the skin and entire body
Chicken pox – affects the skin and the entire body
Measles – affects the skin and the entire body

6. How are pathogenic diseases spread

9. Transmission of pathogens
Pathogens can be transmitted by
Droplet – sneezing, coughing (Tuberculosis )
Air and water – rain, contaminated air and water (cholera)
Ingestion of contaminated food (diarrhea)
Direct contact – touching (ringworm), exchange of blood or bodily fluid, sexual intercourse (HIV/AIDS)
Indirect contact – being in the same room or touching something that an infected person touched previously. (common cold)
Vectors – organisms that carry the micro- organisms, eg dogs (rabies)

10. Preventing the spread of pathogens
Wash hands after using the washroom and before eating
Ensure food is stored properly
Proper hygiene
Do not engage in any activity where bodily fluids are exchanged without taking the necessary precautions
Cover mouths when sneezing or coughing
Stay away from infected persons
Sanitize areas of interest

11. Summary
Micro- organisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses that cause diseases are know as pathogens
There are many different types of diseases caused by pathogens
Pathogens can be spread easily and are known as infectious diseases
The transmission of pathogens can be prevented with proper hygiene and other practices.

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