1. PHED 1 Opportunities for Participation Development of PE
AS PE
PHED 1
Opportunities for Participation
Development of PE

2. The National Curriculum
Why was the National Curriculum implemented?
What are the aims and structure of the National Curriculum?
What changes did the 2008 curriculum bring?

3. National Curriculum PE (1988-2008)
By the end of the 1980s the government wanted
More control of education, more teacher accountability
National standards for physical education
Wider range of activities to be taught
Education Reform Act (1988) lead to the introduction of the NCPE
Return to the centralised approach to education
All state schools now follow set guidelines and are inspected by Ofsted
PE’s status was reinforced by making it compulsory for all 5-16 year olds
Through PE children should be able to
Achieve physical confidence
Learn how to plan, perform and evaluate
Improve self confidence
Perform in a range of activities
Improve cognitive skills and decision making
Improve health and fitness
Improve social skills and leadership qualities
Be able to observe and analyse activities

4. Key Functions Therapeutic functions
Raise awareness of the need for a healthy lifestyle (combat more sedentary lifestyle of modern society)
Creativity
Greater emphasis on creativity through formal assessment
Recreational breadth
Range of activities has risen (formal requirement)
Schools have better facilities and greater use of community facilities
More activities which you try the more likely you are to find one which you enjoy (lifelong participation)
Critical performer
Provide other roles in sport (official, coach and leader)
Gives appreciation of other ways to be involved in physical activity

5. Area of activity Games Swimming Dance Athletic activities Gymnastics
OAA

6. Structure
4 key stages split over primary and secondary school. (1 & 2 = primary, 3 & 4 = secondary)
Key stage 1 (5-7 year olds)
Limited range of activities with no choice
Pupils are required to study gymnastics, games and dance
Key stage 2 (7-11 year olds)
All six areas should be studied
Primary school teachers aren’t usually specialists in PE
Recently NGBs have begun to use lottery finding money to provide sports coaches
Key stage 3 (11-14 year olds)
Wider range of activities on offer at secondary school
Key stage 4 (14-16 year olds)
Gives a choice of activity

7. 2008 NCPE No longer have prescribed areas of activity to cover
Instead have a range and content which they must target:-
Outwitting opponents, as is games activities
Performing at maximum levels, as in athletic activities
Identifying and solving problems to over come challenges of an adventurous nature, as in OAA and swimming
Exercising safely and effectively to improve health and well being, as in fitness and health activities
Greater freedom for schools to deliver the curriculum which they wish. Double edged sword?
Can use specific local facilities-
surfing in Cornwall
rock climbing in Forest of Dean

8. Factors affecting PE and sports provision
Timetable restrictions
Schools reduce amount of allocated time to cater for more ‘academic subjects’ (league tables)
Funding and resources
Budgets will dictate the quality and breadth of PE experiences (Swimming and OAA)
Transport to fixtures affecting inter school sport
Quality of staffing
Varying qualifications between PE teacher and external coaches
Specialist instruction needed for certain activities
Quality of facilities
Available of the sports specific facilities for PE varies with location
School-Club links
A positive link between schools and local clubs can improve the access to high quality coaching and facilities

9. Assessment in National Curriculum PE
Each Key stage will have a description and expectation
Pupils working ‘towards’ level, ‘at’ level or ‘beyond’ level
Advantages
Disadvantages
Clear goals to reach
Too much time on testing
Gives incentives and motivation
Tests are mainly subjective
Improves quality of teaching
Not every child can achieve highest level
Gives recognition to good teachers
Can demotivate teacher and pupils alike
Can spot those who need specific help
Too much pressure removes fun