1. Europe Encounters the World
The Age of Exploration
Europe Encounters the World

2. What are we learning today 8
What are we learning today 8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America.
3 G’s
Gold, Glory, God
8.2 B Compare economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies.

3. Why did explorations happen when they did?
A variety of factors all came together to make the time period ( ) the “age of exploration”
Some of these factors were pushes, external forces acting on Europe
Some were pulls, motivations and things that attracted the Europeans

4. How did these explorations begin?
The first to encourage new ship explorations was Prince Henry of Portugal, known as “Prince Henry the Navigator”
Started an institute for seafaring and exploring
Combined ship technology learned from Islam with new European innovations
By the time of his death in 1460, Portuguese had sailed as far south as the Gold Coast of West Africa

5. What were the new technologies that enabled explorations?
The caravel was a new, faster, more maneuverable ship
Older ships had square sails, caravels had triangular sails (easier to change direction)
Bilge pump system enabled ship to float higher (less likely to run aground, easier to explore coasts and rivers)
Compass, astrolabe, maps and other technologies from Islamic culture all helped make explorations possible
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America.

6. Growth in Trade
In the Middle Ages Marco Polo ( ) returned from China and encourage an increase in trade.
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

7. G G G Emergence of Powerful European Rulers
Wanted to extend their influence through exploration.
Desire for Profits
Capitalist economy was just emerging and people were seeing new wealth from investment and trade.
Religious Enthusiasm
Missionaries from Spain and Portugal sought to spread Christian religion.
G G G
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

8. What is the easiest way to remember it all?
The Three G’s:
Gold
Glory
God
Although a little simplistic, this mnemonic is a great way to remember the main motivations of the European explorers.
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

9. The First G: Gold
Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for, but remember that it is really wealth ($$$), not just literal gold that explorers were after.
Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising banking system
Europeans also desired spices
Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.)
This competition will be enhanced by the idea of mercantilism, the idea that there is only so much wealth in the world, and that to make your kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth than the other kingdoms
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

10. mercantilism Fundamental tenets of mercantilism
1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money= power for the mother country
converted into other forms of power: such
as military instruments, influence, and territory
The New territory exist for the Mother Country.
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

11. For the Mother Country mercantilism
1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money= power
For Whom?????
For the Mother Country

12. Mercantilism Governments need raw materials for products
produced in the nation. They get the raw materials from the colonies at a low price that they use to make a product that they sell back to the colonies at a high price. Governments controlled corporations and trading
companies.
Governments regulated production so nation
could be exporting more than it imported.
Sought exclusive trading rights with foreign
powers and “new world,” which led to rivalries with
other European powers.
Established in the colonies for purpose of bring wealth
back to the mother country.
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

13. The second G: Glory
Just like the first G, Gold, Glory was a relatively new idea in Europe
Came out of the Renaissance ideal of Humanism, and the focus on individual achievement
With the rise of the printing press, the idea of gaining fame for one’s actions was more possible
Also, individual kings wanted glory for their kingdoms, competition spreads
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America
The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish tapestry from 1502.

14. The second G: Glory
Spanish colonies were very successful in brining wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France wanted the same thing.
Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

15. The third G: God
Europeans have always felt it was their godly duty to spread Christianity and convert non-believers to their form of Christianity.
After the Protestant Reformation, competition will spring up to convert people to their form of Christianity
Colonization of the new world will become a race to convert native peoples to a particular brand of Christianity
Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active
People came to the New World to be able to practice their religion without fear of persecution
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America
Bring up Martin Luther , John Calvin, and King Henry VIII

16. Effects of European Exploration
Spanish Explorers claimed “New Spain” which is present day Mexico.
France set up Fur trade with the Native American in “New France which was Ohio River valley to the Mississippi River and up into Canada.
England (Great Britain) claimed the land along the Atlantic Ocean called it the thirteen colonies.

17. Major Powers Exploring
England/ Great Britain
France as
Spain
Mexico, Texas, and the West Coast of U.S.
United States colonies along the East Coast
Ohio River Valley and Canada

18. Exploration led to colonization of the new world which shifted wealth and power away from Mediterranean region to the countries of Western Europe toward Spain, England and France.
Spain was enriched by American gold and silver. Spanish colonies were very successful in bringing wealth and pride to Spain. This led to England and France to start Exploration and colonization.

19. Effects of Exploration
England rulers desired to stake a claim for lands and riches to match Spain’s wealth.
France set up a fur trade with Native American to gain wealth.

20. Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange : exchange of plants, animals and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred after 1492
Columbian Exchange
Europe introduced
New World introduced
Sugar, wheat, oranges, grapes, and onions
Horses, sheep, goats, cows, cats, and rats
Diseases: smallpox, typhus, cholera, and measles
Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and chocolate
Tobacco, Quinine
turkey