1. DERMATOLOGY
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

2. Lets make this fun

3. Seborrhea Normal skin cell turnover – 3 weeks
Time period is shortened in seborrhea
Accelerated (few days) => build up of keratin (dead cells) => flakes
Altered sebaceous gland secretions
Normal secretion of oil in or near hair follicles enriches skin
Cell turnover is the process by which our skin produces new skin cells that travel from the lowest layer of the epidermis to the top layer and then shed off the skin. This is what keeps dead cells from building up on the skins surface
Seborrhea is a skin condition in dogs that causes flaky skin (dandruff) and greasiness of the skin and hair
It is secreting too fast. If it secretes slow, that’s when build up happens and causes pimples.

4. Seborrhea
 This disorder is very common and can lead to a secondary infection of the skin. Often, dogs will smell bad due to the buildup of oil on the skin and hair

5. Seborrhea Causes Types Primary: hereditary in some breeds
Secondary: disease/injury to skin from other causes:
Allergies, parasites, nutritional disorders, immune- mediated, endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism)
Types
Seborrhea sicca: dry, only scaliness
Seborrhea oleosa: oily + scales
majority of animals will have a combination of both, could also be idiopathic
The dry flaky skin makes them scratch
West Highland White Terriers, American Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels, Basset Hounds

6. Seborrhea sicca
DRY and SCALY

7. Seborrhea oleosa
Oily skin

8. Seborrhea – Treatment Medicated shampoos
Reduce scaling – sulfur and salicylic acid (keratolytic, keratoplastic), selenium sulphide (keratoplastic, keratolytic, antifungal, degreasing)
Conditioners
If secondary, treat underlying cause
Antifungal and/or antibacterial meds
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements
Anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic properties
Omega-3 regulates oil production to boost hydration
Example of secondary: fungus or bacteria that causes inflammation

9. Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis
Malassezia species
Normal in small amounts on the skin
Cause infection when skin surface altered/abnormal or immunosuppressed
Diagnosed by cytology (stained slides)
Samples can be obtained via tape prep or impression smear
Tx:
2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo
Selenium sulfide
Other Antifungals: ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole
Oral ketoconazole
Selenium sulphide: antifungal
2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo: Chlorhexidine helps with certain bacteria, Miconazole helps with yeast and fungus

10. Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis

11. Atopy (Atopic dermatitis)
Atopy: Allergy to inhaled environmental substances manifested through irritation of skin and ears, usually starting at 1-2 yrs of age
Allergens:
Dust mites
Pollens
Feathers
Molds
Animal and human dander
Tobacco smoke
Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory, chronic skin disease associated with allergies
Depending what the cause is will depend if the animal has allergies year round or seasonal

12. Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis)
Clinical Signs:
Pruritus
Self-trauma to skin +/- secondary bacterial infection
Staining of hair from saliva
Licking/chewing feet
Alopecia, scaling, hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation: patches of skin become darker in color than the normal surrounding skin

13. Atopy: Appearance
– 4 minutes 36 seconds

14. Atopy Diagnosis Accurate history
R/o food allergies, flea allergy dermatitis, sarcoptic mange, & contact dermatitis BEFORE diagnosis of atopy can be made
Intradermal skin testing – most accurate to identify offending allergen
This is more from environmental issues: Animal danders, Airborne pollens (grasses, weeds, trees, etc.), Mold spores (indoor and outdoor), House dust mite

15. Skin Testing
Skin testing is performed to identify the allergens involved in allergic disease. Under profound sedation an area of hair on the chest is shaved and small injections of substances known to be possible allergens made. After minutes the reactions are recorded

16. Atopy Treatment: No cure ID and eliminate cause
ATOPICA – contains cyclosporin A (immunosuppressor), Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic
Treat any bacterial or fungal infections before using immune suppressive drugs
Medication (steroids, Abs) and allergy shots
Omega 3 fatty acids
Antihistamines-more effective if given before symptoms occur
Make sure its Atopy before using Atopica
Omega-3 regulates oil production to boost hydration
Why use ATOPICA: the immune system overreacts and produces inflammation, which leads to symptoms such as itching, redness and skin barrier problems. An immunosuppressant drug helps control this and decrease a reaction.

17. Food Allergies 10% of all allergies Usually starts between 2-6 yrs
Processed foods increase likelihood of reaction
Fillers, artificial colors, preservatives
Better quality diet is best
Most common allergies: Protein such as, chicken or beef

18. Food allergies in dogs

19. Food allergies in cats
Cats more on head, ears and face

20. Clinical signs:
Symptoms of food allergies in dogs vary, but the most common complaint is non- seasonal itching that may involve the whole body
focused on the ears and feet
Chronic or recurrent ear and skin infections are also typical.
Some dogs may even develop vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive gassiness

21. Food Allergies Dx and Tx
Elimination diets: new source of protein for 3 mo.
If symptoms improve, reintroduce original protein to see if symptoms recur
Use new diet for life
May develop allergies to new diet later

22. Treatment
Foods can be obtained based on venision and potato, fish and potato, egg and rice, duck and pea, and even kangaroo.