2. PLAGUE

3. CRUSADES

4. ITALIAN MERCHANT REPUBLICS

5. Marco Polo

6. Ibn Battuta

7. Causes of the Renaissance

8. How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance?
Italian Merchants became fabulously wealthy moving goods and troops
New mercantile advancements like Arabic numerals and letters of credit
Expansion of secular banking system, as the church had rules against charging interest
Increased demand for Middle Eastern products

9. How did the Black Plague contribute to the Renaissance?
After the death and destruction, people trusted the Catholic church less to protect them
Large numbers of deaths in the nobility class left openings for the rich merchants to fill

10. How did the Marco Polo contribute to the Renaissance?
Marco Polo brought back many new objects and his tales of the Mongols and the Chinese rekindled interest in the Silk Road.

11. What was the Renaissance?
It means a “Rebirth”
Urban
Italian Merchant Republics
Major Trading Centers
Secular
People had moved away from life in the church
Focus more on material objects and enjoying life

13. Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea All of these cities: Milan Venice Genoa
Italy failed to become united during the Middle Ages.
Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art.
Milan
Venice
Milan: One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.
Genoa
Florence
Adriatic Sea
Venice: Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world.
Florence: Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts.
Tyrrhenian Sea
Genoa: Had Access to all trade Routes
All of these cities:
Were independent city-states governed as republics

14. Imagine you are an Italian Merchant!
All this money, all this power – what now?
ART

15. Why art? It’s called Patronage
Italians had the money and were willing to spend it. Patronage is hiring artists to make art for you.
Art can communicate your social, spiritual, and political values.
Since art was sponsored by the guilds, supporting and consuming art was also a status competition.

16. New Innovations in Paintings, Sculpture, etc.
Realism and Expression
Perspective
Geometric figures
Light and shadow
Individualism

21. Renaissance Trade: Classicism: Individualism: Questioning Humanism:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Individualism:
Emphasis on the importance
of the individual and achievements.
Questioning
Spirit
Humanism:
Glorification of people
& human reason.
Renaissance
Secularism:
Other than religion.
Intellectual &
Artistic Creativity

22. Classicism Renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture and values.
Michelangelo’s sculpture of David reflects the blending of religious ideals with Greek and Roman humanist philosophy.
Note the idealized figure and accurate proportions.

23. Questioning Spirit
Writers and thinkers began to criticize the “old” ways.
Erasmus wrote “Praise of Folly” which ridiculed the church, corrupt officials, and Clergy.
Cervantes wrote “Don Quixote” which poked fun at chivalry and the culture of Medieval Europe.

24. Intellectual & Creativity
Johannes Gutenberg invented the moveable type printing press, making written materials available to multitudes.

25. Intellectual & Creativity
Leonardo DaVinci was the ultimate Renaissance man.
He not only produced masterpiece paintings, but also had great accomplishments in the fields of science, engineering and architecture.

26. Secularism
Writers began writing in vernacular ( the locally spoken language instead of Latin.
Dante Alighieri wrote “The Divine Comedy” in Italian, telling the epic journey through hell.
Chaucer wrote “Canterbury Tales” in English, telling tales of Medieval life.

27. Humanism The detail of Raphael’s Sistine Madonna shows Humanism.
The characters look like real people with individual differences, muscle tone. You can see their humanity.

28. Humanism
Michelangelo’s knowledge of anatomy is used to show the details of the human form. Naked people = humanism.

29. Humanism
Humanists believed that human reason and logic were as important in understanding the world as religion and intuition.
They celebrated the accomplishments of man and looked for inspiration to the ancient Greek and Roman thinkers.
Here, Michelangelo’s Moses shows the attention paid to anatomy and the power of the individual.

30. Renaissance Trade: Classicism: Individualism: Questioning Humanism:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Individualism:
Emphasis on the importance
of the individual and achievements.
Questioning
Spirit
Humanism:
Glorification of people
& human reason.
Renaissance
Secularism:
Other than religion.
Intellectual &
Artistic Creativity