1. The Expansion of Industry
Chapter 6, Section 1

2. Black Gold It all started around 1900
Pattillo Higgins speculated that oil was under Texas
With help from investor Anthony F Lucas they hit it big in 1901

3. 60 Years After the Civil War America was an agricultural based economy
By 1920 the U.S was the leading industrial power
Why?
Wealth of natural resources
Government supported business
Growing urban population

4. Black Gold Oil There was little to no uses for oil before the 1840s
In 1859 Edwin L. Drake made the first successful drill that could remove oil from the ground
This created a boom that spread through KY, OH, IL, IN, and TX
Typically it was refined into kerosene and the byproduct was discarded, what was the byproduct?

5. Steel Process Coal and iron was everywhere in the U.S.
Iron in it’s natural form is not a good product to build with
However, if you remove the carbon from iron you produce steel
The Bessemer Process, named after it’s inventor Henry Bessemer, inject air to molten (liquid) iron to remove impurities (like carbon)
By 1880 this method was used to produce over 90% of the nation’s steel

6. Steel Railroads consumed the most steel Other uses:
Barbed wire – Joseph Glidden
Farming equipment - McCormick and Deere
Structures were also made of steel
The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883 it was the second highest structure in the world and became a wonder
William Jenney created the first skyscraper in Chicago
America was not only growing out but up as well

7. The Power of Electricity
1876, Thomas Edison created the first research laboratory
He perfected the incandescent light bulb 1880
He then created the electrical grid
Electricity ran business from machines to providing light
Soon it would make it’s way into homes
Now business could locate themselves where ever. WHY?

8. Invention Changes Lifestyle
Christopher Sholes – created the typewriter in 1867
Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson – create the telephone
These two innovations opened the world of work to woman
1870 – 5% of office workers were female
1910 – 40% of office workers were female

9. Catch 22 Pros: Cons: Standards of living increased
More work was done in less time
Industry moved all over the country
Woman enter the workforce
Time spent at work was reduced
Cons:
Industrial centers (cities) became crowded
Machines took some jobs
Pollution
Self-worth of the worker (declined)