1. The Reformation
Chapter 17 Section 3

2. Problems in the Catholic Church
Popes were too busy pursuing worldly affairs to take care of spiritual duties.
Priests and monks poorly educated.
Others married, gambled, drank.

3. Pope Leo X Needed money to build St. Peter’s Basilica
Sold Indulgences-pardon’s that reduced a souls time in purgatory

4. Nationalism
People’s allegiances in Europe are now devoted to their nation or state not the church

5. Early Reformers John Wycliffe Jan Hus (yahn HOOS) English born in 1330
Believed the church should give up their earthly possessions
Who does not approve of these views?
Born in southern Bohemia in 1370
Preached about the immorality and worldliness of the Catholic Church
Excommunicated, tried for heresy and burned at the stake

6. Call for Reform
Christian humanists criticize the worldliness of the Catholic Church.

7. Martin Luther German scholar
Took a stand against the sale of indulgences in 1517.
Indulgence – a pardon (some people led to believe that they could buy their way into heaven).

8. 95 Theses
1517, Luther posts 95 formal problems with the church on the door of the church in Wittenburg.
Written in Academic Latin
After being printed, his statements began the Reformation (a movement for religious reform).

9. The Post
Church door was used as a bulletin board for issues to be debated.

10. Luther’s teachings 1) Salvation only through faith not good works
2) All Church teaching should be based on the words of the Bible and people should interpret the Bible individually (not the pope)
3) All people with faith are equal
4) Jesus is the only leader of the Church, not the pope

11. Excommunication
Luther is excommunicated by the Pope Leo X after he refuses to take back his statements in 1520.

12. Luther Labeled a Heretic
After refusing to recant his statements, Luther was labeled an outlaw and a heretic by the emperor.
Luther hid out and translated the New Testament into German.

13. Edict of Worms
Luther summoned to appear before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Edict of Worms: Outlawed and condemned his writings

14. Lutherans
By 1530 Luther and his followers became a separate religious group called Lutherans.

15. Civil War in Germany
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V goes to war against Protestant princes in Germany
Protestant – term applied to all Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches

16. Peace of Augsburg
German princes agree in 1555 that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler.

17. Ulrich Zwingli Reformation priest in Switzerland Radical reformer
Theocracy: Government in which church and state are joined

18. John Calvin Born in 1509 Next to Luther=most important reformer
Predestination-God knows who will be saved before people are born

19. Calvin Set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland
People are sinful so strict laws are needed

20. Other Reformers 1. John Knox-Presbyterian
2. Anabaptists-baptism for adults
Lead to Mennonites, Amish Mennonites and Hutterites

21. England Becomes Protestant
King Henry VIII of England was convinced that his wife, Catherine of Aragon, would not have a son
He asked the pope for an annulment
Pope refused

22. Anne Boleyn
Henry fell in love with Anne Boleyn

23. Reformation Parliament
1529 Parliament ends Pope’s power in England.
1534 – Act of Supremacy – makes the English king, not the pope, official head of the Church of England.

24. Henry VIII Gets Rich
Henry VIII closes all English monasteries and seizes their possessions.

25. Wives of Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon: had no male heir, divorced

26. Anne Boleyn
Married in 1533
Anne Boleyn: No male heir, imprisoned, beheaded.
Gave birth to Elizabeth

27. Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour: gave birth to a male heir (Edward VI). Died from complications. Probably Henry’s favorite wife.

28. Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves: ugly or hot? Helped to make an alliance with Germany, Henry said she looked like a horse and quickly divorced her.

30. Catherine Howard
Catherine Howard: she was 19, Henry was almost 50. Cousin of Anne Boleyn. Accused of having too many lovers. Beheaded in the Tower of London.

31. Katherine Parr
Katherine Parr: Looked after Henry in his old age and outlived him.

32. All Three of Edward’s Children Rule
Edward VI – became king at nine, Protestants kept power.
Mary – Catholic, returns English Church to the rule of the pope. (“Bloody Mary”)
Elizabeth I – returns England to Protestantism.

33. Elizabeth’s Rule
Parliament sets up national church. Church of England (Anglican Church) becomes only legal church and people are required to attend its services.

34. Anglican Church Provisions for both Catholics and Protestants
Some English, some Latin
Priests could marry
Some aspects of Catholic services.