1. Large Intestine
About 1 ½ meters long; begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, extends upward, turns left and then descends down to the anal canal

2. Large Intestine
Cecum: dilated, pouchlike structure that attaches to ileum
Veriform appendix: contains lymphatic tissue; no known digestive function
Colon: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Rectum: next to sacrum and extends to just below coccyx where it becomes the…
Anal canal: membrane with opening called anus
Internal anal sphincter: smooth involuntary
External anal sphincter: skeletal voluntary

3. Large intestine Does not absorb nutrients Only secretion…mucus
Chyme that enters large intestine contains materials that the small intestine did not absorb; it is mixed with water, electrolytes, mucus, and bacteria
Peristaltic movements of large intestine only happen two to three times each day
Mass movement
Defecation reflex: hold a deep breath and contract the abdominal walls

4. What’s in the large intestine?
Feces: composed of water, electrolytes, mucus, material not absorbed by digestion, and bacteria
Color comes from bile pigments, odor from bacterial metabolism

5. Nutrition and Nutrients
Nutrition: process by which the body takes in and utilizes necessary food substances

6. Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals
Sometimes Water
Nutrients cells cannot synthesize are essential nutrients
Essential amino acids
Essential vitamins

8.
Calories per day
About what % from carbs, fats, proteins

9. Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Primary fuel source
Intake requirements dependent upon activity level
Minimum: grams
Sources: grains, sugars, vegetables, cellulose
Lipids
Necessary component of biochemicals
Essential fatty acids must be eaten (e.g. linoleic acid)
Minimum usually not a problem in a typical diet
Sources: oils, nuts (unsaturated) milk, meats, eggs (saturated)

10. Nutrients Proteins ENZYMES, many structural components
Many essential amino acids (lysine, valine, phenylalanine, et. al.)
Recommended minimum: 0.8 g per kg of body weight (lbs. ÷ 2.2 = kg)
Sources: fish, poultry, dairy, nuts, eggs, some cereals (lesser amounts in some beans & peas)

11. Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small amounts for metabolic processes but which cells cannot synthesize in adequate amounts
Fat-soluble dissolve in fats
A,D,E,K
Water-soluble dissolve in water
B vitamins (thiamine B1, riboflavin B2, B6, niacin, folic acid, B12, pantothenic acid)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

12. Minerals
Dietary elements other than carbon that are essential to metabolism
Major minerals; most common and make up most by weight
Calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous
Trace elements; found in minute quantities
Iron, iodine, zinc, fluorine, copper, manganese