1. Total Participation Techniques Persida Himmele & William Himmele
Overview Provided by WSU MEd in CI, 
CI 837 Students, Fall 2011

2. Chapter 1: The High Cost of Disengagement
Question and answer techniques engage only a few students in a classroom. (jc)
 A teacher's effectiveness has direct impact on the quality of education students receive. (rb)
All people need to think about what they are taught, record their thoughts, compare what they have learned, and ask questions. (Jfishel)  Page 4 paragraph 2
An effective teacher has a tremendously positive effect on students--even more than class size, race, or SES.  (SS, page 6)

3. Chapter 1: The High Cost of Disengagement
The teachers who are considered excellent teachers engage their students actively and cognitively but also emotionally. MW (page 7) 
Through Total Participation Techniques all students are demonstrating that they are learning and interacting. (KM, page 7)
TPTs allow students to become so actively involved in learning that they forget about all their outside issues and focus on their learning at school. (TR, pg 11)
 TPTs effectively take the focus off teaching, and puts it on what, and to what extent, students are learning. (CG)

4. Chapter 2: A Model for Total Participation & Higher-Order Thinking
The purpose of TPTs (Total Participation Techniques) is to aim for deeper learning and engagement.
TPTs require the use of higher-order thinking skills to ensure that students are cognitively engaged. 
Teachers must structure classroom content to ensure that learning will be engaging to all students and is meaningful.
R. Beech

5. Chapter 2: A Model for Total Participation & Higher-Order Thinking
A TPT Cognitive Engagement Model was created to help visualize the connection between student participation and higher order thinking.
 Most classroom activities should fall within the 4th quadrant of high cognition and high participation to ensure maximum student learning.
R. Beech

6. Chapter 3: Total Participation Techniques Tools and Supplies
"Show me"as you place greater expectations on student participation and on all students providing evidence of cognitive engagement opposed to question-answer session
For "Show Me" sessions use: individual slates, laminated light colored construction paper and flannel sock could work, true/not true cards could be used for several activities, multiple choice cards, processing card (lets the teacher know where the student is in their thinking process) A. Bolain

7. Chapter 3: Tools & Supplies
*Think, Pair, Share- think about it, pair up with a partner, share to each & class
PAUSE TO APPLY any of these! Ensure they're there!
*H.O.T - how do these components think together or affect one another?
*Quick writes- write to reflect    A. Bolain                                   

8. Chapter 4: On-the-Spot TPTs
Has this ever happened to you?
You have an amazing lesson planned. 
Things are going great... or so you think.
Then you look up and realize that you were alone in this boat.
You need to get this class engaged and you need to do it NOW!
Use an On-the-Spot TPT!
 What is an On-The-Spot TPT?
Quick, 1-5 minute, activity
Engages ALL students
Virtually NO preparation required 
Can be used as needed
Could be planned for during select times of your lessons
C. Gough

9. Chapter 4: On-the-Spot TPTs
Here are some quick, one-the-spot TPTs that will help your class get back on board with you!
Think-Pair-Share: Ask a question, give think time, students pair up and discuss their responses
Quick-Write: Construct written responses to a given prompt
Quick-Draw: Illustrate a given topic
Chalkboard Splash: A composition of everyone's responses to a prompt
Thumbs-Up When Ready: Hand signal to move on
C. Gough

10. Chapter 4: On-the-Spot TPTs
... More on-the-spot TPTs...
Processing Cards: "Still Thinking" or "Ready to Share"
Similes: Show relationships between topics
Ranking: Sequencing items, order of importance, etc.
Numbered Heads Together: Assign numbers to students in a group, after project completion, call a number to have share their group's information
Thumbs Up/Down Vote: Thumb up to vote "Yes". down to vote "No"
C. Gough

11. Chapter 5: TPT Hold-Ups K. Mastin What are hold-ups?
Hold-ups are interactive activities that use response cards.  Students confer with a partner or small group and respond to a question by holding up a card with their answer on it. 
Why use hold-ups in my classroom?
Hold-ups improve student participation and on-task behavior.
                    K. Mastin

12. Chapter 5: TPT Hold-Ups
1.  Selected-Response Hold-Ups - Students hold up cards that may include responses such as fact/opinion, true/false, pictures, facial expressions, or yes/no.
2.  Number Card Hold-Ups - Students 
respond to mathematical questions 
with 0-9 number cards.
3.  True/Not True Hold-Ups - Students respond to questions in all content areas with true, not true, true with modifications, or unable to determine.
K. Mastin

13. Chapter 5: TPT Hold-Ups
4.  Multiple-Choice Hold-Ups - Students signal their response to a question by holding up A,B,C, or D.
5.  Whiteboard Hold-Ups - Students use individual whiteboards to respond with an answer.  The possibilities of choices to respond with are much wider.
K.Mastin

14. Chapter 6: TPT's involving movement
Movement forms links with memory
Boys demonstrate high scores, better behaviors, and postive attitudes with lesson movement
JFishel
This chapter gave techniques that used object manipulation, out of seat action, and interaction among peers.

15. Chapter 6: TPT techniques JFishel
Students line up in 2 lines & take turns asking questions & answering questions.
Bingo activity in which peers explain answers generated by teacher.
Students find different kids to partner with to answer each question.
Students sort objects into different piles
Teacher provides sign up sheets for students to sign up answer questions each hour with different partners
1. line-ups & inside-outside circles:
2. Three 3's in a row:   
3. Networking Sessions:
4. Categorizing and sorting:
5. Appointment Agendas:

16. Chapter 6: TPT techniques JFishel
6. Bounce Cards:
7. Mouth it, air write it, show me using your fingers:
 8. Acting it out, role-plays, and charades:
9. Simulations:
10. Cut-and-pates:
 Card that gives prompts like:
"I agree, because..."
"True, another example is when..."
"So, if I understand you..."
"I see your point, but what ....?"
 have all the students share their answers at the same time.
 physical movement to present idea or vocabulary word
experiencing life through someone elses eyes
using scissors to cut paper and glue it to another paper in a different order to organizer information

17. Chapter 7: TPTs to Guide Notetaking
Note-taking is a skill that should be taught to students
TPTs allow students to stop and process newly acquired information presented to them
TPTs should be used every 8-10 minutes during a lesson
TPTs should not be used just as a closing activity but throughout to help students comprehension 

18. Chapter 7: TPTs to Guide Notetaking
Confer, Compare, and Clarify: allows students to see others notes, reflect on lesson content and ask questions to aid in comprehension
Graphic Organizers and Prepared Packets: helps students with the most important information within the lesson using visual supports
Anticipatory Guides: allows students to make predictions about new learning and follow-up after new learning
Picture Notes: helps students process newly acquired information by drawing pictures at preselected times during the lesson (accompanies written notes)  

19. Chapter 7: TPTs to Guide Notetaking
Lecture T-Chart: students take written notes during lecture and at preselected times are allowed to summarize using words/drawings
3-Sentence Wrap Up: students summarize notes in 3 sentences using the most important information 
A-Z Sentence Summaries: each student is given a letter of the alphabet and writes a summary sentence using their letter; creates whole class summary
Pause, Star, Rank: students review notes to clarify information and rank the 3 most important points

20. Chapter 7: TPTs to Guide Notetaking
Key-Word Dance: students select most important words associated with topic in notes and create a poem for understanding
Debate Team Carousel: students group up in teams of four and complete graphic organizer creating supporting and opposing arguments
Technology-Based TPTs: creates total engagement of all students
blogging: student reply to prompts and are allowed to leave others feedback
classroom clickers: fun way to review content in a variety of forms

21. Chapter 8: TPTs as Formative Assessment Tools
What are Formative Assessments?
Assessments that let the teacher know if students understand the topic.
Results are used by the teacher to guide lessons plans and pacing. 
"Formative assessments can have powerful positive results on student learning because teacher behavior becomes informed and instruction becomes targeted toward specific needs (pg. 103)."
Simon

22. Chapter 8: TPTs as Formative Assessment Tools
Formative Assessment Activities:
Chalkboard Splashes: After a reading students take turns writing ideas on the board and visiting with their peers.  Then students look for similarities, differences and surprises.  Teachers will see terms that students find confusing.
Hold-Up: Is a quick assessment to let teachers know if students understand a concept.  This activity can be followed up with chalkboard splash.                        Simon

23. Chapter 8: TPTs as Formative Assessment Tools
Formative Assessment Activities:
Reading Your Students: Teachers can view student journals or quick-writes to assess student's understanding of concepts.
The One-Liner Wall:  Teacher selects a sentence from student work and displays it on a wall for all to see and talk about.  This can help struggling students and encourage others.                                                       
 Simon

24. Chapter 8: TPTs as Formative Assessment Tools
TPTs and Student Grades
These assessments through TPT are important and should be documented as a grade. 
Keep records of student progress and checklists. 
Keep student portfolios.
                              Simon

25. Chapter 9: Building a TPT-Conducive Classroom
In order for TPT to work, teachers must become comfortable with losing some of their "talking time" and letting children take the reigns.
Students must have confidence in their teacher, in their peers and in themselves, while teachers need to build confidence in their students.
"What have you done today to build trust?"
                                                                    M. Webber

26. Chapter 9: Building a TPT-Conducive Classroom
Rippling Questions
Pair students up and have them discuss the topic.
Pair up pairs of students, so it is a group of four, to discuss their ideas.
Keep adding groups until you have whole group participation.
Students will feel more comfortable sharing answers if they have had time to discuss them with their peers before sharing out in a whole group setting.
                                                              M. Webber            

27. Chapter 9: Building a TPT-Conducive Classroom
Walk around and provide feedback while students are discussing the topic.
Instead of looking for a right or wrong answer, ask students to justify their answer.
Ask "Tell me more" to understand their thinking.
                                                                        M. Webber