1. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Song

2. Photosynthesis Notes The Sun - Ultimate source of all energy on Earth!
Autotrophs – plants and some other organisms (algae & bacteria) that are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food
Heterotrophs – cannot produce their own food, obtain energy from the foods they consume (eat) (ex. Humans and other animals)

3. Autotrophs:
Heterotrophs:

4. Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates – sugars and starches.
Chloroplasts – site of photosynthesis within the cell
Chlorophyll – a green pigment found in the chloroplast absorbs light energy

6. Photosynthesis Equation
6CO H2O light C6H12O O2 E
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Opposite of Respiration
C6H12O O CO H2O + ATP!!

7. Light Dependent Reactions
Require direct involvement of light and light absorbing pigments.
Use the energy from sunlight to produce ATP.
Take place in the thylakoids.
Water is required and oxygen is released as a by-product.

8. Light Independent Reactions
ATP is used to produce high energy sugars from carbon dioxide.
No light is required.
Take place in the stroma.

10. What factors can affect the Rate of Photosynthesis??
Amount of light (more light, more photos.)
Availability of water
Temperature (enzymes that work best between 0 – 35 degrees C)
pH of soil/water (can affect enzymes)

11. Uses for Glucose Produced
Energy source for cellular respiration
Can be converted into more complex starches (like cellulose) by plants

12. Uses for Oxygen being Produced
Main source of oxygen required by most living things for cellular respiration
Plants can transfer some of the oxygen produced to their own mitochondria!

13. Cuticle
Upper epidermis
Palisades Mesophyll
Mesophyll
Spongy Mesophyll
Chloroplasts
Xylem (water)
Lower Epidermis
Phloem (glucose)
Vein (xylem & phloem
Guard Cells
Stomate (Stoma)

14. Protective layer, contains guard cells and stomates
Protective layer, transparent covering
Tightly packed cells, MOST photosynthesis happens here
Waxy covering on top of leaf – protects from rain / weather
Opening - underside of leaves, allows CO2/H2O in & O2 out!!
Control (REGULATE) the opening and closing of stomates
TRANSPORTS water and glucose through plant
Allow gases to circulate!! (Oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Makes the spongy layer “spongy”
Part of the vein that carries water up
Part of the vein that carries glucose down
Sites of photosynthesis (use the pigment chlorophyll)
Inner / middle of leaf – contains the spongy and palisades

17. Practice Questions
Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?
(1) diffusion  
(2) respiration 
(3) photosynthesis
(4) active transport

18. Practice Questions What does the process of photosynthesis produce?
1) starch, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
2) protein, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
3) glycerol, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
4) glucose, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

19. Practice Questions
Which process provides most of the oxygen found in Earth's atmosphere?
1) photosynthesis
2) aerobic respiration
3) dehydration synthesis
4) fermentation

20. Photosynthesis Respiration
Main Job:
Main Job:
BOTH
Who does it?:
Who does it?:
Reactants (what it needs):
Reactants (what it needs):
Products (what it makes):
Products (what it makes):
Where?
Where?