1. General Chemistry Unit 1: Chapter 2
Scientific Inquiry
General Chemistry
Unit 1: Chapter 2

2. Learning Objectives Identify what Science is and its goals
Apply the scientific method and variables
Compare and contrast a hypothesis, theory, and law in science.
Define chemistry
Explain what the different branches of chemistry are and their importance

3. What is Science? Which of these are true about science?
A – A set of facts
B – A way of thinking
C- An explanation of the natural world around us
D – Is based on experimentation
E - Is never changing
F – Is constantly changing
G – is based on personal beliefs

4. Goals of Science to provide natural explanations
understand patterns in nature
make useful predictions

5. Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
Scientific ideas are open to testing, discussion, and revision.

6. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

7. Branches of Chemistry Many major areas of study for specialization
Several career opportunities
Also used in many other jobs

8. 1. Organic Chemistry
Organic is the study of matter that contains carbon
Organic chemists study the structure, function, synthesis, and identity of carbon compounds
Useful in petroleum industry, pharmaceuticals, polymers

9. 2. Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic is the study of matter that does NOT contain carbon
Inorganic chemists study the structure, function, synthesis, and identity of non-carbon compounds
Polymers, Metallurgy

10. 3. Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of chemistry in living things
Cross between biology and chemistry
Pharmaceuticals and genetics

11. HONK if you passed p-chem
4. Physical Chemistry
HONK if you passed p-chem
Physical chemistry is the physics of chemistry… the forces of matter
Much of p-chem is computational
Develop theoretical ideas for new compounds

12. 5. Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry is the study of high precision measurement
Find composition and identity of chemicals
Forensics, quality control, medical tests

13. The Scientific Method

14. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD is a way to organize your thinking.
Make Observations
Question
Collect Research
Hypothesis – If and then statement
Experiment – only one variable!!! All other conditions controlled!!! Identify your variables
Conclusion – Analyze your data and state whether you hypotheses has been disproven or not.
Using the Scientific Method to improve your social life.

15. Identifying Variables
Independent/Maniupated Variable – what is being tested in the experiment
Dependent Variable/Responding Variable – changes in response to the independent variable
Control Variable/constants – variables that do not change throughout the experiment

16. Identifying Groups
Experimental Group – This is the group that has the independent variable being acted upon them.
Control Group – This is the group that does NOT have the independent variable acting upon them.

17. Two Types of Observations
Observing means using one or more senses to gather information.
Two Types:
Quantitative observation  involves numbers.
Example :
Qualitative observation describing what you see; doesn’t involve numbers.
Example:

18. Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a possible explanation based on facts and observations
A Hypothesis must always be :
If and then statement
Testable
Can never be proven to be correct, can only be disproven

19. Laws, Theories and Hypotheses
Hypothesis
Theory
Law
An educated guess that is based on observations, not yet supported by scientific testing and evidence.
Ex… If a phone releases high amount of infrared radiation, then phones cause cancer.
Scientific  theories summarizes a hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing
-A theory is valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it.
-Ex…Theory of natural selection
A theory that has withstood the test of time
Repeatedly supported over a long period of time by testing and evidence.
- Ex…Law of gravitation
Laws, Theories and Hypotheses
A scientific theory summarizes a hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing
A theory is valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it.
Theory of natural selection
A law generalizes a body of observations.
A scientific theory can become a law when it withstands the tests of time and is never disproven.
Example: law of gravity