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Explain a detergent molecule; describe how it has 2 distinctive parts.
Daily Starter 1/6 Explain a detergent molecule; describe how it has 2 distinctive parts.
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II. Strength of Acids & Bases Strong vs. Weak pH
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Neutral Water Because [H+] = [OH-], pure water is neutral
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Acidic In an acidic solution: [H+] > [OH-]
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Basic In a basic solution: [H+] < [OH-]
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Acids and bases can be classified as either strong or weak
Strong: ionizes (dissociates) completely in H2O Weak: only partially ionizes (dissociates) in H2O
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A. Strong vs. Weak Strong Acid/Base 100% ions in water
strong electrolyte HCl, HNO3, NaOH, LiOH - + Weak Acid/Base few ions in water weak electrolyte HC2H3O2, NH3 - +
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Strong Strong Acid: HCl H+ + Cl- Strong Base: NaOH Na+ + OH-
Complete dissociation – all HCl and NaOH molecules break apart into ions. This is represented by a single-headed arrow.
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WEAK Weak Acid: HCN H+ + CN- Weak Base: NH3 NH4+ + OH-
Only some of the HCN and NH3 molecules break apart into ions. The reversible arrows represent a mixture of reactants and products in equilibrium.
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B. pH Scale pH a measure of the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution
measured with a pH meter or an indicator with a wide color range 7 INCREASING ACIDITY NEUTRAL BASICITY 14
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pH of Common Substances
B. pH Scale pH of Common Substances
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ConcepTest Which of the following "molecular" pictures best represents a concentrated solution of the weak acid HA? A B
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ConcepTest Which of the following "molecular" pictures best represents a concentrated solution of the weak acid HA? A B
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Conjugate Acid/Base Conjugate acid or base is generally the product of the reaction (right side of rxn) **In-class work to show conjugate acid/base
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