1. Stems Hold up above ground parts of plant; transmit signals
Prickles
Hold up above ground parts of plant; transmit signals
Have leaves and may have branches
Woody or herbaceous
Leaves and branches may be
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled (Verticillate)
May have hairs, prickles, thorns, spines
Alternate
Spines

2. Caudex (pl.: caudices)
Woody stem that does not or only scarcely extends above ground

3. Woody stems also have … Lenticels Leaf scars Bark

4. Leaves – absolutely vital
Evaporation surface (essential to nutrient transport)
Energy converters
Absorb sunlight
Take in CO2 from air
Release O2 as by-product
Food and shelter for others

5. Leaf structure
Simple
Lobed, Divided, pinnatifid, palmatifid, pedate, cleft, parted

6. Compound
Palmately
Pinnately
Odd pin
Even pinnate