1. Youth culture and subculture Anthrolinguistics
Presented by: waseema saleha
Semester 3rd dept linguistics
Quaid I azam university Islamabad

2. Areas of studies Adolsence Cultures Deviant subculture
The sociology of youth
Consensus (functionalist-type ) theories of youth
Conflict (marxist –type) theories of youth
Interactionist theories of youth
The Historical rise of youth culture

3. Adolescence
Adolescence is a time period between childhood and adulthood
Problems
Unbridled sexuality
stress
Rejections of parent and teacher
Lack of concentration
Extremes of emotions or violence
Unpredictability

4. Cultures
Culture :way of life a larger group , include ideas , values, behavior, ritual practices and goods
Subculture : a group that has broken away from a wider and dominant culture ;a culture within a culture that has its own specialist norms and values , its own way of life , shared by a smaller portion of a population.

5. Deviant subculture
Some subcultures conform for the most part of the broader norms and values of the dominant culture other groups seeks to reject these norms and values and are therefore be considered to be a “deviant subcultures”

6. Sociology of youth Common sense theories of youth subculture.
Pearson argues that common sense analysis of youth Deviance tends to some of the characteristics
Lack of parental responsibility
The break down of the family
The break down of community values
The break down of the authority and respect for the
new
The lack of discipline in schools
The “permissive society”
The bad influence of mass media

7. causes of Youth subculture
Cosumerism and affluence
Effects of 2nd world war on socialization process of young
The extension of education
The influence of mass media

8. Consensus ( funtionalist-type ) theories of youth
The modern phenomenon of youth
The involvement of boys rather than girls
The transient nature of youth culture
Youth culture as a normal aspect

9. Robert k. Merton Relationship between culture and subculture
Strain theory (“institutionalized means” and cultural goals”)
Cultural goals: getting good job, being successful at a career, having money, owning a nice house and car, and so on.
Institutionalized means: work hard at school, obtain good qualifications and work hard at a career.

10. Identified the following solutions
Conformity: strictly speaking, this response is not ‘deviant’ or ‘subcultural’ if an individual conforms.
Innovation: legitimate meanings of reaching them are replaced by illegitimate means_such as delinquency and crime.
Ritualism: going through the motions, by following the means but never achieving success.
Retreatism: retreat from the wider cultural means and goals and drop out of society , giving up on any form of success
Rebellion: the goals and means are totally replaced by new goals and means.

11. Interactionist theories of youth subcultures
Howard becker (1973)
Social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as outsiders… the deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied.
Becker applies the idea of ‘self’ and self–identity’ on the ‘labeling approach’ , others have the power to change an individuals self image

12. Conflict ( marxist-type) theories of youth
Social class, class fraction
Structural fraction
Semiology
Hegemoney
Relative autonomy
Social cohesion
Symbolic resistance

13. Continue … Popular culture as a symbolic battleground
Jhon friske (1989)
popular culture is made by subordinate people in their own interest .. Popular culture is made from within and below, not imposed from without or above…popular culture is always a culture of conflict ,it always involves the struggle to make social meanings that are in the interest of the subordinate and that are not those preferred by the dominant ideology

14. Continue …
Hegemony :culture is the result of a war of ideas between different groups , each with its own idea of what battle and its ideas come to be seen as ‘common sense’ by groups who may not benefit from them, then this is hegemony
Semiology :The idea behind semiology is that day_to_day cultural activities should not simply be taken at face value. They are not ‘ how they appear to be , or ‘just are’

15. The historical rise of youuth
Youth culture and television
Postmodern television
Youth culture and the music industry

16. Conclusion
Its important for the sociologists to understand why young people behave as they do . The early focus of young people as involved in deviant subcultures relates to only a small number of youth subcultures today.
The very younger consumers have much interest in goods they spend a lot.