1. Introduction to Nursing
TOPIC 1: Introduction to Nursing
Learning Goal C: Identify the systems of a healthy body
HLT33115 Unit: HLTAAP001 - Recognise healthy body systems
Related Assessment: Task C

2. Recap -

3. Reproductive System
Reproductive System - Produce sperm (male) to fertilize the oocyte (egg of female) to produce an offspring

4. Female Reproductive System
Organs/Structures: Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Breasts and Mammary Glands
Tissue: Epithelial tissue, Connective Tissue
Cells: Oocyte (half cells).
Molecules: Acids, hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

5. Female Reproductive System
Ovaries – two small glands (also part of the endocrine system) which produce hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and the female gamete (egg or oocyte)
Fallopian Tubes – muscular tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus – collect the released ovum (oocyte that is released) and transports it to the uterus.
Uterus – located posterior (behind) the bladder, connects the fallopian tubes to the vagina (via the cervix) – responsible for supporting the development of the foetus during pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur it sheds the ovum as menstruation flow out the vagina (i.e. period)
Vagina – muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body. Responsible for collecting sperm and delivering it the fallopian tubes, delivery of a child during child birth and where menstruation flow exits.
Vulva – External part of the female genitalia – It surrounds the vaginal opening and urethra opening.
Breasts and Mammary Glands – Specialised organs to develop milk for feeding of infants.

6. Female Reproductive System
Reproductive Cycle - 28 day cycle to prepare the uterus and oocyte (turning into an ovum) for fertilization. Includes:
Phase 1: Follicular Phase
Upon menstruation of the previous cycle – shedding of the previous egg (bleeding related to period) this phase begins and following occurs:
- Release of menstrual flow for 3-7 days – often relates to period pains as the previous egg is shed.
- Pituitary gland stimulates the ovaries using FSH hormone to develop immature oocytes (called a follicle)
- The hormone estrogen is produced causing the uterus to become sticky for preparation of the uterus
Ovulation occurs from days after follicular phase – this includes:
–the mature ovum moves from the ovaries to the fallopian tube and towards the uterus.
- The follicle produces a hormone progesterone which prepares the uterus for the fertilised egg.
- if fertilised by a sperm in the fallopian it will move to the uterus where it will mature in the wall of the uterus and enter the pregnancy phase.
Phase 2: Luteal Phase
Occurs from day days in which progesterone and estrogen decrease in levels. If the egg has not been fertilised the uterus lining starts to break down and menstruation occurs.

7. Female Reproductive System
Pregnancy – If however the egg is fertilised than pregnancy occurs.
38 weeks to support the development of the offspring
Lactation - Production of milk (and oxytocin to support infant development).

8. Key points:
Ovaries - develop a haploid egg (oocytes)
Ovarian Cycle - maturation of the follicle and egg
Follicle 14 days
Oocyte ejected into Fallopian Tube to uterus
Menstrual cycle - Eggs matures in the uterus
Menstrual Phase days
Proliferation Phase
Secretory Phase (Ovarian Cycle)
Nursing Assessment:
Aware of when period is and if pregnant.

9. Male Reproductive System
Organs/Structures: Scrotum, Testicles, Epididymis, Seminal Vesicles, Urethra, Prostate, Penis
Tissue: Epithelial Tissues, connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue
Cells: Sperm (half cells), Muscle Cells.
Molecules: Bases, hormones (testosterone)

10. Male Reproductive System
Scrotum – Muscular Sac that holds the testicles. Contracts and relaxes to ensure appropriate temperature for spermatogenesis
Testicles - two testes, which are responsible for spermatogenesis (making of sperm) and testosterone.
Epididymis – Sperm Storage area which hold the sperm and let them mature.
Vas Deferens – Tube that caries sperm to the urethra
Prostate – produces the major part of semen.
Seminal Vesicles - Glands that produces liquid portion of semen, which is alkaline (basic) to combat the acidity of the female uterus
Ejaculatory Duct and Urethra – Passes through the penis to eject sperm into the female reproductive system.
Penis – External sex organ to deliver semen to the female reproductive system

11. Male Reproductive System
Spermatogenesis - produces sperm with the testes
Fertilisation - Combines with the oocyte (egg) to produce and fertilised egg within the female reproductive system.

12. Key points:
Testicles are where the spermatogenesis occurs.
Seminiferous Tubules - Sperm produced (haploids)
Mature in Testies
moves to vas deferones
to ejaculatory duct
Via the prostate (where they get seminal fluid (keeps it a fluid)
Through urethra in penis

14. A healthy reproductive system therefore should include:
Female:
Nil Pain in Vaginal area
Regular period - monthly -
Pregnancy possible
with development of baby.
Male:
Nil pain in testicles
Nil blockage in urethra

15. So What. Summary Key Terms- these are taken from our discussions
So What? Summary Key Terms- these are taken from our discussions. Please note these are not exact definitions but provide a general understanding.
Ovaries – two small glands (also part of the endocrine system) which produce hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and the female gamete (egg or oocyte)
Fallopian Tubes – muscular tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus – collect the released ovum (oocyte that is released) and transports it to the uterus.
Uterus – located posterior (behind) the bladder, connects the fallopian tubes to the vagina (via the cervix) – responsible for supporting the development of the foetus during pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur it sheds the ovum as menstruation flow out the vagina (i.e. period)
Vagina – muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body. Responsible for collecting sperm and delivering it the fallopian tubes, delivery of a child during child birth and where menstruation flow exits.
Vulva – External part of the female genitalia – It surrounds the vaginal opening and urethra opening.
Breasts and Mammary Glands – Specialised organs to develop milk for feeding of infants.
A healthy reproductive system
Female:
Nil Pain in Vaginal area
Regular period - monthly -
Pregnancy possible
with development of baby
Nursing Observations:
Physical Examination
Reproductive System - Produce sperm (male) to fertilize the oocyte (egg of female) to produce an offspring
Female Reproductive System
Organs/Structures: Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Breasts and Mammary Glands
Tissue: Epithelial tissue, Connective Tissue
Cells: Oocyte (half cells).
Molecules: Acids, hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Key Terms
Menstruation – Shedding of unfertilised egg and uterine wall (period)
Ovulation – Production of a mature ovum (egg)
Oogenesis – development of an ovum
Oocyte – female egg (gamete)

16. So What. Summary Key Terms- these are taken from our discussions
So What? Summary Key Terms- these are taken from our discussions. Please note these are not exact definitions but provide a general understanding.
Scrotum – Muscular Sac that holds the testicles. Contracts and relaxes to ensure appropriate temperature for spermatogenesis
Testicles - two testes, which are responsible for spermatogenesis (making of sperm) and testosterone.
Epididymis – Sperm Storage area which hold the sperm and let them mature.
Vas Deferens – Tube that caries sperm to the urethra
Prostate – produces the major part of semen.
Seminal Vesicles - Glands that produces liquid portion of semen, which is alkaline (basic) to combat the acidity of the female uterus
Ejaculatory Duct and Urethra – Passes through the penis to eject sperm into the female reproductive system.
Penis – External sex organ to deliver semen to the female reproductive system
A healthy reproductive system
Female:
Nil pain in testicles
Nil blockage in urethra
Nursing Observations:
Physical Examination
Reproductive System - Produce sperm (male) to fertilize the oocyte (egg of female) to produce an offspring
Male
Organs/Structures: Scrotum, Testicles, Epididymis, Seminal Vesicles, Urethra, Prostate, Penis
Tissue: Epithelial Tissues, connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue
Cells: Sperm (half cells), Muscle Cells.
Molecules: Bases, hormones (testosterone)
Molecules: Acids, hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Key Terms
Spermatogenesis - produces sperm with the testes
Fertilisation - Combines with the oocyte (egg) to produce and fertilised egg within the female reproductive system.