1. Chapter 13 Section 4 A Flawed Peace
Objective: Evaluate the Treaty of Versailles & its effects on European powers
Vocabulary: Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, Fourteen Points, Self-Determination, Treaty of Versailles, & League of Nations

2. Setting the Stage
On January 18, 1919, a conference to establish the terms of peace had begun
They met at the Palace of Versailles, just outside of Paris
The Paris Peace Conference had delegates representing 32 countries
The Allied powers struggled to solve their conflicting aims in various peace treaties
Who lived in the Palace of Versailles?

3. The Allies Meet & Debate
The meetings major decisions were decided by the Big Four: President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, & Vittorio Orlando of Italy
Russia was dealing with a civil war & did not send a representative
Germany & its allies were not invited

4. Check for Understanding
Why would Germany not be invited to the peace conference?
Sentence Starter: Germany would not be invited to the peace conference because _____________.

5. Wilson’s Plan for Peace
Fourteen Points – series of proposals in which President Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after WWI
The peace treaty included an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, & reduction in all national armies/navies
Wilson’s plan also included the idea of self determination – the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live
Self-Determination would affect all the colonies and give them independence
It also called for an organization that could peacefully negotiate solutions to world conflicts
League of Nations

6. The Versailles Treaty
Britain & France shows little sign of agreeing to Wilson’s vision of peace
Treaty of Versailles – a peace treaty signed by Germany & the Allied powers after WWI
The treaty created the League of Nations – an international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations
Article 231 of the treaty stated, Germany had to accept SOLE responsibility for starting the war
Germany had to pay reparations
France wanted revenge for the damage done
Signed on June 28th 1919, 5 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed
War Guilt Clause
All of Germany’s territories were taken over & the Allies would govern them until they were ready for independence

7. Check for Understanding
Should Germany take sole responsibility for starting WWI?
Sentence Starter: Germany should take sole responsibility/should not take sole responsibility for the war because ____________________.

8. A Troubled Treaty
The agreements created feelings of bitterness & betrayal among the victors & the defeated
The Versailles Treaty was just one of five treaties negotiated by the Allies

9. The Creation of New Nations
The Western powers also signed treaties with the other defeated nations
Austro-Hungarian was divided into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia
The Ottoman Turks were forced to give up almost all of their former empire, except for Turkey
Russia also had land losses as well
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania became independent nations

12. “A Peace Built on Quicksand”
Americans objected the peace settlement & especially to the League of Nations set up by President Wilson & did not join
The United States worked out a separate treaty with Germany several years later
Germany & other countries felt cheated/betrayed by the peace settlements
Japan & Italy gained less than they wanted
They official wanted to stay out of European affairs
Colonies were upset for sending people to fight in the war but did not gain their independence