1. CHINA
Under Mao

2. Mao Zedong

3. CULT OF MAO Mao became a god-like figure
Honored for his success in the Long March & dynamic leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
Pictures & statues were displayed throughout China – propaganda
His sayings & speeches were published in The Quotations of Chairman Mao (or called Mao’s Little Red Book)
An unofficial requirement to own, read & carry it

5. MAO’S CHANGES
Mao was both the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party & the head of the nation
Mao wanted to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist communism
All factories, stores, railroads, etc. where controlled by the government
All aspects of life were brought under the control of the Communist Party
Communist teachings were required in all schools -- Why?

6. All media is run by the Communist government
Everyone that disagreed with the government was punished
Many new policies were implemented & dramatically changed life in China
Communists took the lands from the landlords
Forces killed over 1 million
Land & materials were redistributed among the peasants

7. Collective Farms Mao’s first major policy, 1953-1957
Peasants were forced to join collective farms (entire villages working their land together)
households on the collective
People lived in family style units
Men & women considered equal & there was state-sponsored child care

8. Collectives worked with a common goal of production
The government determined how much had to be produced
A large portion of the crops had to be sold to the government at a low cost, leaving only a small portion for the peasants
There was no private ownership of land, everything belonged to the collective
Collectives were not very successful- why?

9. Regents Practice
1. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is that they
(1) achieved their goals through the use of peaceful resistance
(2) worked to protect citizens’ rights to freedom of expression
(3) considered capitalism to be the best economic system
(4) led revolutionary movements that established Communist governments

10. Regents Practice
2. Which development took place in China under Mao Zedong?
(1) the family became the dominant force in society
(2) the Four Modernizations became the basis for economic reform
(3) the people adopted the practice of ancestor worship
(4) communist teachings became required learning in all schools and universities

11. * Great Leap Forward *
The goal was to industrialize and increase agricultural production
In 1958: set up Communes (several villages working together)
26,000 communes developed
Average commune was 15,000 acres of land with 25,000 people on it
People worked in groups with a common agricultural goal to meet for the government
Had much stricter government control – forced what to make & how much
No private ownership

12. Problems with the Great Leap
Communes were large and impersonal; the family structure was destroyed (lived in dorms by gender & communal nurseries for children)
All were paid the same & had the same living situation, regardless of the work effort
Problem: There is no incentive to work hard – no mobility to improve your life
Unrealistic goals for production  false reports by the commune leaders (to please Mao)

15. Backyard Industry
As a way to industrialize, Mao ordered peasants to make iron
They melted down scrap metals such as their pots, pans, bed frames, tools and made molten Iron
They needed to meet production quota
With the molten Iron they made. . .
useless pots and pans

16. The Great Famine
Great Leap Forward resulted in the death of 20 million people – largest in history
Inefficient backyard industries
Focused on industry & decreased agriculture output
crop failures, floods, droughts
Sparrow campaign
The Great Leap Forward was actually a great leap backward

17. Regents Practice
3. One similarity between Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward was that both programs attempted to
(1) increase agricultural and industrial production
(2) privatize the ownership of land
(3) correct environmental pollution
(4) strengthen international trade

18. Base your answers to #4-7 on the passage:
Regents Practice
Base your answers to #4-7 on the passage:
“When I was young, the Chairman promised us all food. He promised that we would never go hungry again or be without work; My family was led to a village where we became members of a production team. We worked hard, long hours but we were fed every day. The commune prospered at first, but soon people did not meet their quotas and we did not increase our production. We all received the same amount of rice; it didn’t matter how much work we did – Conversations with a Farmworker

19. Regents Practice
4. According to the paragraph, which is most likely the reason agricultural production quotas were not met?
(1) workers felt threatened by the government
(2) workers had little to gain by working hard
(3) workers were hungry and could not work
(4) workers were young and inexperienced

20. Regents Practice
5. The Chairman mentioned in the paragraph was most likely
(1) Fidel Castro
(2) Adolf Hitler
(3) Mohandas Gandhi
(4) Mao Zedong

21. Regents Practice
6. The policy associated with the description in the passage is the
(1) Long March
(2) Open Door
(3) Great Leap Forward
(4) Family Planning

22. Regents Practice
7. Based on your knowledge of Chinese history, what was the result of the policy described in the passage
(1) famine
(2) revolution
(3) economic prosperity
(4) overpopulation

23. * Cultural Revolution *
Mao begins to loose influence (because of his failed Great Leap Forward)  wanted to revive the revolutionary spirit (gain back power)
1966: urged students to “learn revolution by making revolution”
The Red Guard was formed to carry out the Cultural Revolution

24. The Red Guard A militia unit made up of city students
Intellectuals were considered useless & dangerous to the revolution
The heroes were people that worked with their hands – peasants
The Red Guards shut down colleges & schools & killed anyone who seemed to have special privileges or who resisted Mao’s ideas
Purged any “counter-revolutionaries”
Intellectuals had to “purify” themselves – be re-education by the peasants

25. Regents Practice
8. The Cultural Revolution in China was Mao Zedong’s attempt to
(1) increase the industrial output of China
(2) renew the ideas and enthusiasm of the Communist revolution
(3) promote artistic exchanges with the United States
(4) encourage foreign investment in China

26. Regents Practice
9. One similarity between the Reign of Terror and the Cultural Revolution was that both
(1) limited the power of absolute leaders
(2) illustrated the power of public opinion in forming national policy
(3) established social stability and economic growth
(4) used violent methods to eliminate their opponents

27. Regents Practice
10. Which pair of leaders used political purges, including the killing of opposition groups, as a means of maintaining control of the government?
(1) Sun Yixian and Emperor Hirohito
(2) Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong
(3) Simon Bolivar and Toussaint L’Ouveture
(4) Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela