1. Chapter 8: DNA & RNA

2. DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
chromosomes are made of DNA

3. Double helix shape
Made of units called nucleotides
Three parts of a nucleotide:
Sugar
Phosphate
Base
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

4. DNA double helix

8. Base Pairing Rule:
Adenine-Thymine
A-T
Cytosine-Guanine
C-G

9. DNA Processes: Replication - make a copy of itself
Protein Synthesis - make a protein

10. DNA Replication DNA making a copy of itself Steps: DNA Unzips
Complementary nucleotides bond to the exposed nitrogen bases

11. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Shorter than DNA Only one strand No helix shape*
Contains the base uracil (in place of thymine)
Therefore uracil pairs with adenine

12. RNA base pairing rule
Cytosine - Guanine
C - G
Adenine - Uracil
A - U

14. Protein Synthesis 2 Steps: Transcription - copy DNA code
Translation - DNA code used to make a protein

15. Transcription : Copying the DNA Code
Steps:
DNA unzips
mRNA nucleotides pair with complementary DNA nucleotides
mRNA leaves nucleus & travels to a ribosome

25. Translation - - build a protein according to mRNA code
tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to mRNA and puts them in proper order

27. TAC CGG ACC ATT AUG GCC UGG UAA UAC AUU Methionine Alanine Tryptophan
DNA triplet
CGG
ACC
ATT
AUG
mRNA codon
GCC
UGG
UAA
UAC
tRNA anticodon
AUU
Methionine
amino acid
Alanine
Tryptophan
STOP

28. TAC CGG ACC GTT ATT AUG GCC UGG CAA UAA UAC GUU AUU Methionine Alanine
DNA triplet
CGG
ACC
GTT
ATT
AUG
mRNA codon
GCC
UGG
CAA
UAA
UAC
tRNA anticodon
GUU
AUU
Methionine
amino acid
Alanine
Tryptophan
Glutamine
STOP

29. TAC CGG ACC GTT TAT ATT AUG GCC UGG CAA AUA UAA UAC GUU UAU AUU
DNA triplet
CGG
ACC
GTT
TAT
ATT
AUG
mRNA codon
GCC
UGG
CAA
AUA
UAA
UAC
tRNA anticodon
GUU
UAU
AUU
Methionine
amino acid
Alanine
Tryptophan
Glutamine
Isoleucine
Amino acid
STOP

30. Worksheet Pt B
Top Diagram Terms: sugar, phosphate, base (use each twice)
Pg 291, 294
Terms for middle diagram:
Sugar Bases Number of Nucleotide Strands
(Pg 291) (1 or 2)
(Pg 300) (1 or 2)
#1-3, 5
replication hydrogen phosphate
double helix base pairing rule transcription
sugar

31. Worksheet Part D mRNA protein amino acid
cytoplasm peptide bond translation
DNA nucleus anticodon
bases (2) transcription tRNA
triplet codon
ribosome base pairing rule