1. Welcome to PSE 4U Exercise Science
An Introduction to Health and Physical Education

2. DAY 1
I know why I am here…..
Why are you here??
Schools

3. DAY 1
Textbook
Workbook

4. Assessment/Evaluation Policy
DAY 1
Assessment/Evaluation Policy
Course Outline
Student Website
Website:
Username:studentES
Password: exsci1234

5. “With increased freedom comes the need for increased responsibility!”
DAY 1
Expectations
Attendance
Homework
Studying
Communication
“With increased freedom comes the need for increased responsibility!”

6. Learning Objectives for Chapter 1
Basic terminology of anatomy and physiology
The anatomical position
Anatomical planes
Anatomical axes
Basic movements involving joints
The ten biological systems of the human body

7. Basic Terms:
Anatomy: branch of science that deals with the structural organization of living things-how they are “built” and what they consist of. -usually studied in conjunction with physiology: Physiology: concerned with basic processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism as they occur within the various systems of the body. Anatomy is concerned with the structure of the body and its various organs, and physiology is the study of how all these parts function.

8. Exercise Physiology:
Concentrates their research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it by exercise.

9. What is the Anatomical Position?
The anatomical position is:
“the universally accepted starting point used to describe or analyze anatomical terms or movement.”
To be in correct anatomical position, the body must meet 3 criteria:
Upright, standing position
Face and feet pointing forward
Arms at the side, palms facing forward
But how do we use the anatomical position to describe movement?

10. Before looking specifically at movement, we first have to understand how to describe movement. By the end of this lesson you will be introduced to 3 concepts:
Planes
Axes
Position
You will be learning and expected to use a new language from here on in!

11. Anatomical Planes
-relate to positions in space and found at right angles to each other
-these planes can be positioned on any specific parts of the body
Frontal(Coronal)
-vertical; divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) segments

12. Frontal section of the human face

13. Anatomical Planes
-relate to positions in space and found at right angles to each other
-these planes can be positioned on any specific parts of the body
Frontal(Coronal)
Sagittal(median)
-vertical; divides the body into anterior and posterior segments
-vertical; divides the body into left and right segments (or medial and lateral segments)

14. Sagittal view of the human face

15. Anatomical Planes
-relate to positions in space and found at right angles to each other
-these planes can be positioned on any specific parts of the body
Frontal(Coronal)
Sagittal
-vertical; divides the body into anterior and posterior segments
-vertical; divides the body into medial and lateral segments
Transverse
-horizontal; divides the body into upper (superior) and lower(inferior) segments

16. Anatomical Axes
-axes are used to describe the direction of movement at joints - much of our movement occurs via our joints
Longitudinal
-vertical; extends superior (head) to inferior (foot)
-rotate around
-north-south relationship to anatomical position
Antero-posterior
-extends from front to back
-rotate side to side
-front-back relationship
Horizontal
- runs from one side of the body to the other
-rotate top to bottom- east-west relationship to anatomical position

17. Finding Axes and Planes
A body movement can be described in terms of the anatomical plane through which it occurs and the anatomical axis around which it rotates
Axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement
In the anatomical position: all flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane, all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane, and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane
More involved movements usually occur as a combination of motions from more than one plane
Longitudinal Axis o 90
Transverse Plane

18. Relationship Between Axes and Planes
Axis of Rotation
Plane of Motion
Example
Horizontal (Bilateral)
Sagittal
Flexion/Extension
Longitudinal (Polar)
Transverse
Rotation of extremities/Axial rotation
Antero-Posterior
Frontal
Abduction/Adduction

19. Helpful Videos

20. Twirling What is the axis of rotation? Longitudinal
What is the plane of motion?
Longitudinal
Transverse

21. Task – get into 5 groups and determine the Axis and Plane for each movement
Action
Axis
Plane
Stride Jump
Cart Wheel
Elbow Extension
Nodding Head ‘Yes’
Shaking Head ‘No’

22. Various Planes of Movement
Action
Axis
Plane
Stride Jump
Antero-Posterior
Frontal
Cart Wheel
Elbow extension
Horizontal
Sagittal
Nodding head “yes”
Shaking head “no”
Longitudinal
Transverse

23. Describing Position and Movement
Anterior: front surface of the body
Posterior: back surface of the body
Superior: refers to structures being closer to the top of the body (excluding limbs)
Inferior: refers to structures being closer to the lower part of the body (excluding limbs)
Medial: towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Proximal: towards the upper segment of a limb
Distal: towards the lower segment of a limb

24. Basic Movements Involving a Joint Use the information from the following slides to complete Workbook Exercise 1.3 – Pg.15

25. The Basic Movements of the Human Body
The basic movements of the human body occur around and because of our joints. You are expected to start using these terms frequently, because no longer do you “bend”, you “flex”. “Rolling” your ankle becomes an ankle “inversion”. And “pointing” your toe, will now be referred to as “plantar flexion”
Flexion
-bending the joint to reduce the angle between two bones.
-occurs in the sagittal plane
Extension
-straightening a joint to increase the angle
-occurs in the sagittal plane

27. Abduction Adduction Circumduction
-movement away from the midline of the body
-occurs in the frontal plane
Adduction
-movement towards the midline of the body
-occurs in the frontal plane
Circumduction
-a circular motion combining flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
-occurs in all 3 planes

29. Internal (Medial) Rotation
-moves anterior part of a limb medially (towards midline)
-occurs in the transverse plane
External (Lateral) Rotation
-moves anterior part of a limb laterally (away from midline)
-occurs in the transverse plane
Pronation
-rotation of hand; bring thumb towards midline; palm facing back
-occurs in transverse plane
Supination
-rotation of hand; bring thumb away from midline; palm facing forward
-occurs in transverse plane

31. Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Inversion Eversion
-movement of ankle to decrease angle between foot and lower leg
-occurs in sagittal plane
Plantarflexion
-movement of ankle to increase angle between foot and lower leg
-occurs in sagittal plane
Inversion
-medial border of foot is raised; sole of foot turned medially (inward)
-occurs in frontal plane
Eversion
-lateral border of foot raised; sole of foot turned laterally (outward)

33. Protraction Retraction Oppostion Reposition
-moving in an anterior (forward) direction
-occurs in sagittal plane
Retraction
-moving in a posterior (backward) direction
-occurs in sagittal plane
Oppostion
-thumb comes into contact with another finger
Reposition
-return thumb to anatomical position

34. Elevation Depression -raising up to a more superior position
-occurs in frontal plane
Depression
-pulling down to a more inferior position

35. Homework Complete exercise 1.2 pg. 12-14 & exercise 1.4 page 16.
Quiz Next Class