1. It may be that your sole purpose in life is simply to serve as a warning to others.
- Unknown –
After one look at this planet any visitor from outer space would say "I WANT TO SEE THE MANAGER." - William S. Burroughs-

2. THE ROCK CYCLE

4. LET’S FOCUS ON WHERE IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED.
NEW CRUST
CRUST BECOMING WIDER
SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES
EXTRUSIVE VOLCANISM
MID OCEAN RIDGES

5. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY INVOLVING OCEANIC CRUST - EARTHQUAKES
- EXTRUSIVE VOLCANISM
- INTRUSIVE VOLCANISM
- MOUNTAIN BUILDING

6. HOT SPOT
- EXTRUSIVE VOLCANISM
- INTRUSIVE VOLCANISM
- EARTHQUAKES

7. HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR SEAMOUNT CHAIN

8. EXTRUSIVE VOLCANIC ROCKS FORM AT OR NEAR THE SURFACE.
THEY COOL RELATIVELY QUICKLY AND ARE FINE-GRAINED OR GLASSY.
EXAMPLES ARE BASALT, SCORIA, PUMICE, AND OBSIDIAN.
INTRUSIVE VOLCANIC ROCKS FORM BENEATH THE SURFACE AND COOL SLOWLY. THEY ARE MORE COARSE GRAINED.
AN EXAMPLE IS GRANITE.

9. ROCK CYCLE ANIMATION

10. METAMORPHISM – RECRYSTALLIZATION OF ROCK DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES TO FORM NEW MINERALS
METAMORPHIC CHANGES CAN OCCUR WITH IGNEOUS ROCK OR SEDIMENTARY ROCK
LIMESTONE CAN CHANGE INTO MARBLE.
SHALE CAN CHANGE INTO SLATE.
BASALT CAN CHANGE INTO BLUESCHIST.
ROCKS THAT CONTAIN SAND AND CLAY CAN CHANGE INTO SCHIST OR GNEISS.

11. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE FORMED AS A RESULT OF TRANSPORTATION AND DEPOSITION OF ROCK PARTICLES (EROSION).
OVER TIME, THESE PARTICLES UNDERGO COMPACTION AND CEMENTATION.

12. SEDIMENTATION ANIMATION FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

13. ROCK EVENTUALLY GETS UPLIFTED IN THE MOUNTAIN BUILDING PROCESS.
MOUNTAIN BUILDING OCCURS ALONG CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES.
IF THE CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY IS OCEAN-OCEAN OR OCEAN-CONTINENT, MUCH OF THE MOUNTAIN BUILDING IS VOLCANIC IN NATURE.

14. IF THE BOUNDARY IS CONTINENT-CONTINENT, THE MOUNTAIN BUILDING IS BY UPLIFT.
THE PROCESS OF ONE PLATE MOVING UNDER ANOTHER IS CALLED SUBDUCTION.

15. ONCE MATERIAL HAS BEEN UPLIFTED, IT IS SUBJECT TO WEATHERING AN EROSION.
NOTE: ROCKS DON’T LAST FOREVER!!

16. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER