1. Japanese Modernization

2. Tokugawa Japan Independent country 1630’s expelled all foreigners
Dutch allowed access to Nagasaki port

3. Gunboat Diplomacy 1853
President Filmore sends Matthew Perry to negotiate trade treaties
Why? They want to re-supply and repair ships and it is a strategic location
He brings his warships

4. What did the U S want? Coaling stations More trading partners
Open trade ports
A haven for ship-wrecked sailors

5. Treaty of Kanagawa 1854
Shogun signs because of American show of strength
Established treaty port
Established consulates
By 1860, Britain, Russia, France, and the Netherlands
Tokugawa ends isolation

6. Japan Learns a Lesson
In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…
The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

7. Civil War in Japan Treaty results 1860’s Shoguns want to keep old ways
Some seeing it as a sign of weakness of the Shogun
Others want modernization
1860’s
Economic hardships
Increased prices
Peasant protests
Shoguns want to keep old ways
Royalists want to see emperor restored to power

8. Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West.
Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan.
They believed that:
Japan was sacred ground.
The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God
Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West.
Their slogan  Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians!
Japan emerges a more centralized state

9. The Shogunate is Overthrown
The last Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu

10. Meiji Restoration 1868-1912 End of Shogunate and privileges of samurai
Emperor Mutsuhito takes throne
15 years old
Rules for 45 years
Meiji means Enlightened Rule
Modernization needed
Choose your own occupation

11. Japan took 35 years what took Britain 150 years to achieve

12. Economic/Industrial changes..
Catch up with the “West”
Missions to find the “Best”
By 1900—foundations in place for light industry, heavy industry, and transportation
Zaibatsu—powerful families in banking and industry who controlled the factories

13. Social Changes Social classes gone Compulsory education
Adopt western styles

14. Rulers wear Western Dress
Emperor Meiji Empress
Haruko
( )

15. Political Changes Draft instituted—modern army Centralized government
Constitution
Diet=legislative assembly
Modeled after Germany’s government

16. Selective “Borrowing”
Popular board game
Start by leaving
Japan and studying in
various Western
capitals
End by returning to
Japan and becoming a
prominent government
official

17. Japan became an imperialist power in the 1890’s as industrialization created new needs:
Food sources
Outlets for surplus population
Raw materials
Demand for coal,
iron, etc.
Markets
Honor [nationalism]

18. Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 Korea claimed by China prior to war
Uprisings in Korea
Japan wanted privileges there
Tensions escalate into war
Japan defeats China with its westernized army
Japan acquires Taiwan
Japan gains Sphere of Influence over Korea

19. Russo-Japanese War 1904 Over rights to Liaotung Peninsula
Japanese victory
Uses surprise attack
1st time an Asian nation defeated a European nation
Establishes Japan as a power to be dealt with
Treaty of Portsmouth
Nicholas II see demonstrations at home after defeat

20. Japan Annexes Korea 1910

21. America Becomes Competition

22. U. S. Fleet

23. Japan continues to Grow