1. Thinkers, Beliefs, Radicalism, and Classical Liberalism.
Identify principles of liberalism that have remained constant over time.
Determine the degree to which contemporary political figures reflect a liberal ideology.

2. Principles of Liberalism
individual rights and freedoms
self-interest
competition
economic freedom
rule of law
private property.

3. If the leader did not protect the citizens, they could overthrow him.
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Hobbes
Humans are naturally selfish and could live in peace by giving up all of their political rights to a ruler (Leviathan) who would in turn protect them.
If the leader did not protect the citizens, they could overthrow him.
Hobbes valued the worth and protection of individual subjects.
Believed in a Social contract.
Hobbes emphasis on the best interests of individuals (even under a strong political authority) reflects the importance of rights and freedoms. Social contract implies a degree of accountability.

4. Focused on reason and logic to determine actions.
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Locke
Focused on reason and logic to determine actions.
Believed humans had inalienable natural rights: Life, liberty, security, private property
Government accountability to the people.
Ownership and protection of private property.
Believed in a Social contract.
Advocated for rule of law and protection of civil liberties, rights, and freedoms under a constitution.

5. Wanted to eliminate the French monarchy.
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Montesquieu
Separation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government which would keep the government accountable.
Wanted to eliminate the French monarchy.
Placed high importance on the rule of law, the constitutional limitations on government, and the primacy of individual rights and freedoms.

6. Opposition to the current economic system (mercantilism).
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Smith
Believed that if individuals were free to make their own decisions in a free market, their self-interest (invisible hand) would benefit society as a whole.
Opposition to the current economic system (mercantilism).
Free market and limited govt. role in the economy were controversial ideas.
Economic ideas are directly related to economic freedom, self-interest, competition, and private property.
Ideas can also be tied to rule of law (contracts) and individual rights and freedoms.

7. Individual rights and freedoms.
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Mill
Believed in individual rights and freedoms as well as free speech. Only limitation should be if one’s actions could harm another.
Emphasis on rights and freedoms in an era where these rights were restricted.
Individual rights and freedoms.

8. liberty, rights, and so on exist independent of government
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Bentham
Utilitarian
liberty, rights, and so on exist independent of government
"the greatest happiness for the greatest number”
Emphasis on rights and freedoms
Majority protection.

9. Self-interest, competition, and economic freedom.
Thinkers
Beliefs
How their ideas were radical at that time.
How their ideas are related to Classical Liberalism
Ricardo
The wages paid to workers should be determined by supply and demand for their skills. Government should not regulate this at all.
Capitalist economic principles without government interference was controversial.
Self-interest, competition, and economic freedom.

10. Project - Identify principles of liberalism that have remained constant over time.
Liberalism as an ideology has retained some core principles and values that reflect a particular view of human nature and the role of governments in society.
The challenge will be to identify principles and values of liberalism that have remained constant over time by examining the ideas of two important liberal figures.
Choose one from Group B (on the next slide), research and then create a chart or poster in PowerPoint that compares them to two from Group A.
DUE: Friday September 20th for sharing and evaluation.

11. Comparison Group A—Historical Thomas Hobbes John Locke
John Stuart Mill
Jeremy Bentham
Adam Smith
Montesquieu
David Ricardo
Group B—Contemporary
Pierre Trudeau 74,263, , 401
Tommy Douglas 52-53
John Kenneth Galbraith 79
John Maynard Keynes 138, ,
John F. Kennedy 255, 263, 297, 334, 352, 413, 485
Milton Friedman 54-55, 218, 220, 285, 286, 415
Chief Clarence Louie 96-97

12. EVALUATION QUALITY OF PRESENTATION Grade Explanation 5 Gold
This project is outstanding in quality. It is very clear that a lot of time and effort went into this project to make it look and sound professional. 4
Silver
This project is a very good one. The quality of the work is very good. Viewing and listening to this project leaves a very positive impression. 3
Bronze
This project generally well done but lacks in consistency. It does not have a very professional appearance. 2
Rusty
This project lacks somewhat in quality. The creators do not seem to place a lot of effort into his/her work.
DEPTH AND UNDERSTANDING (X2)
Grade
Explanation 5
Expert
This project is outstanding in quality and depth. There are few errors. It is an exceptional piece of work that demonstrates a solid understanding of the topic. 4
Proficient
This project is very good one. It demonstrates a very good understanding of the topic. 3
Novice
This project is good. It demonstrates an adequate understanding of the topic, but does not show much depth. 2
Apprentice
This project does not demonstrate an very good understanding of the topic. Some parts of the project may be missing and/or inaccurate,
TOTALS /15 = _____________%