1. The Columbian Exchange
What was the Columbian Exchange and what was its global economic and culture impact?

2. The Columbian Exchange
It was a global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
Corn and potatoes  Europe, Asia, Africa
Bananas, black-eyed peas, yams  Americas
Cattle, pigs, horses  Americas
Diseases  Americas & Europe

3. Global Trade
settling of Americas and growth of trade started an economic revolution
revolution led to capitalism: based on private ownership of property and right of a business to earn a profit on money it has invested
revolution also led to joint-stock companies: investors combine their money to start a business and share in the profits

4. Growth of Mercantilism
European governments followed the idea of mercantilism, which says that a country’s power depended on its wealth (getting more gold and silver increased wealth)
Selling more than buying (exporting more than importing) = a favorable balance of trade
Colonies helped to provide goods that could be sold in trade

5. The Columbian Exchange

6. The Columbian Exchange
Explorers created contact between Europe and Americas.
Interaction with Native Americans led to big cultural changes.
Contact between the two groups led to the exchange of plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange.
Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres
Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys
People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle
The Exchange of Goods
Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this
Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe
Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists
Sharing Discoveries
The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

8. Effects of the Columbian Exchange
Different Foods
Exchange of foods, animals had dramatic impact on later societies
Over time crops native to Americas became staples in diets of Europeans
Foods provided nutrition, helped people live longer
Economics and Gastronomics
Activities like Texas cattle ranching, Brazilian coffee growing not possible without Columbian Exchange; cows, coffee native to Old World
Traditional cuisines changed because of Columbian Exchange
Italian Food Without Tomatoes?
Until contact with Americas, Europeans had never tried tomatoes
Most Europeans thought tomatoes poisonous
By late 1600s, tomatoes had begun to be included in Italian cookbooks

9. Effects of Columbian Exchange felt not only in Europe, Americas China
Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped population grow tremendously
Also a main consumer of silver mined in Americas
Africa
Two native crops of Americas—corn, peanuts—still among most widely grown
Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops grown in world are of American origin

10. The Introduction of New Diseases
Native Americans had no natural resistance to European diseases
Smallpox, measles, influenza, malaria killed millions
Population of central Mexico may have decreased by more than 30 percent in the 10 years following first contact with Europeans
Devastating Impact
Native American population continued to decline for centuries
Inca Empire decreased from 13 million in 1492 to 2 million in 1600
North American population fell from 2 million in 1492 to 500,000 in 1900—but disease not only factor in decrease of population
Intermittent warfare, other violence also contributed