1. Evolution
To see where we might be going, we must understand where we have been
Robert Tamarkin, 1993

2. What is Evolution ? Theory supported by evidence
Biological evolution - changes in living organisms
Sharing of common ancestors (branched tree of life)
Darwin term: descent with modification

3. Evidence of Evolution

4. Formation of the Earth 4.6 billion years old (by radiometric dating)
About 30ish main elements and molecules important to life –
oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, Sulphur and phosphorus. present in early Earth- amino acids, RNA, DNA, Phosphorus, ATP

5. 1. Earth is Old: Fossils
Fossils: the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

6. TO DO: With your partner decide on 3 things about fossils that support the theory of evolution List and share-

7. Fossil Record Supports Evolution
Billions of fossils have been discovered
Fossil record shows changes of organisms through time from simple to more complex.
Documents the order of appearance of groups and types of organisms
Transitional Species – intermediate from one form to another.
Index fossils –fossils that are known to only occur within a very specific age range.
Documents major changes in Earth’s History.

8. Index Species
* only occur within a very specific age range.
widespread geographic distribution such as brachiopods, trilobites, and ammonites work best as index fossils.
If the fossil you are trying to date occurs alongside one of these index fossils, then the fossil falls into the age range of the index fossil. 

11. Choose and one of the following Fish to Land Evolution
MUST Include and Show
A Title for the Project: Example: From Land to Water: The Evolution of whales and dolphins
The organisms (at least 5) Name and Drawing or Printed copy involved in the transition from one type of environment to another
The derived characters list that allowed for the adaptation that allows for life in the new environment
The Era and Period for each of the organisms shown with dates
Any other pertinent information
Short presentation to teacher(s)
20 points
Extra Credit: Index Species living in each of the time periods
Rough Draft Due: April 5th Friday
Partner Project
Choose and one of the following
Fish to Land Evolution
Reptile to Bird Evolution
Ape to Human
Synapsis to Mammals
Land Mammals to Whales or Dolphins
Protohorses to Horses

12. Transitional Fossils

13. From Land to Water Tiktaalik
- transition between fish and tetrapods (four-legged)
-marks the appearance of limbs in fish –
- lived about 12 million years before the fist tetrapod- 363 million years old
Has gills, scales, no neck (like fish)
But – head is crocodile-like and strong hind limbs