1. EARLY AGRICULTURE

2. The Birth of Farming
10,000 years ago (8,000 B.C.) early humans stopped living a nomadic lifestyle and started settling in one place.
This period became known as the Neolithic Era or The New Stone Age.

3. Domesticating Plants and Animals and New Tools!
People realized that if they spread seeds they will grow into food products.
This was the beginning of farming.

4. Domesticating Plants and Animals and New Tools!
Over time people started domesticating plants and animals.
Domesticating is changing the growth of plants or behaviors of animals in ways that are helpful to humans.

5. Domesticating Plants and Animals and New Tools!
Over time people were able to domesticate dogs, plants, horses, oxen, sheep, and llamas.
The Neolithic Era also brought new tools:
axes, sickles, stone querns, and hand mills.
Quern was two stones used to grind food like grain.
Map pg. 36
Follow-Up Question:

6. Centers of agriculture.
Present day Egypt, China, Iraq, and Mexico became the first centers of agriculture.

7. Benefits of Farming Produced more food Required less land than hunting
Allowed for permanent homes
Allowed for villages to prosper
Provided new materials for clothing

8. Costs of Farming Deforestation Erosion Time consuming
Usage of immense energy, crop failure, and family starving.
Follow-Up Questions:
What theme of geography is farming?
Did it impact the earth positively or negatively? Why?
Homework: Reg. 1 Paragraph (Adv)
Imagine you are an ancient farmer write a paragraph about the costs and benefits of farming?
Advanced has to

9. New Ways of Living

10. Shelter and Clothing
Shelter-
Farmers found different ways to built homes that included roofs, kitchen, and storage areas.
Farming and Clothing-
Farmer grew cotton and flax which allowed for lighter clothing.

11. Homework
Imagine you are an ancient farmer write a paragraph about the costs and benefits of farming.
Explain which Theme of Geography farming is and why.

12. Features of Civilizations

13. the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area.
Civilization
the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area.

14. Cities Most civilizations have more than one city.
Cities were forming at a rapid rate, because of a large surplus in food.
Cities also served as centers of religion, government, and culture.

15. Job Specialization
Due to a surplus in food products, the need for farmers decreased.
Those who didn’t farm began to do metal working, tool making, weaving, and became soldiers.

16. Organized Government Managed a society’s resources
People can get the things they need to survive.
Provides security

17. Established Religion
Religion is a set of beliefs about supernatural powers that created and rule the world.
Religion in ancient times was often linked to governmental procedures.
Religion often dictated who was in power.

18. Social Classes
Social Classes are groups of people that occupy different ranks or levels in society.
Social classes consisted of high, middle, and low.

19. Public Works
Included large scale building projects such as roads and water systems.
Public works benefited the society as a whole.

20. Architecture Architecture was closely related to public works.
Early people built grand temples, tombs, and palaces.

21. System of Writing
Writing was initially invented to record the amount of grain grown.
Eventually, laws, prayers, and ways of life was recorded.
Writing allowed modern people to understand what was left behind

22. The Rise of Civilizations
As cities were growing in size, civilizations were arising.
A civilization is a complex society with cities, a well organized government, and workers that specialize in specific jobs.

23. The Rise of Civilizations
The success rate of civilizations depended on the cities abilities to create a surplus of food.
Acquiring a surplus of food required the following resources
fertile soil, fresh water, and seeds.

24. The Rise of Civilizations
The earliest civilizations appeared in the city-state of Sumer.
It was very common and beneficial for civilizations to arise by river valleys.
river valleys provided means of transportation, food, and water.

25. The First Cities * Uruk- World first city.
Created 6,000 to 7,000 years ago.
More than 40,000 people lived there.
Covered an area of 1,000 acres.
Uruk had houses, gardens, and a large public area.

26. The First Cities
Uruk became a great centers of wealth because of farming and trading
Uruk’s government
the city had a formal government headed by priests and then kings.
For security, Uruk built a wall to keep out invaders.