1. Sigmund Freud: Dream, Mind, and Unconscious
English 102
Professor Yegoryan
Ivan tokarev
Hovhannes poturyan

2. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Born in Austria in 1856
Became qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Vienna in 1881
Known as the “father of psychoanalysis”
One of the first psychologists to study human motivation
Brought out the debate of Psychiatry vs. Psychology
Died in London in 1939 at the age of 83

3. Freud-believed that mental illness is a result of nurture, not nature.
He asked the question:
“What makes people do things?”
Answer: MOTIVATION
Needs motivate human behavior (food, shelter, clothing…)

4. Freud’s View of Human Nature
Deterministic behavior is determined by:
Unconscious, irrational motivations
The six psychosexual stages
Biological and instinctual drives
Libido: the life/sex instinct, goal of life is to gain pleasure and avoid pain (pleasure principle)
Thanatos: the death instinct, the aggressive drive to hurt self or others
Neurotic behaviors are symptoms of the unconscious’s attempt to control the intolerable urges of sex and aggression

5. Id, Ego, and Superego
People are born with a certain number of instincts or drives
Also known as “Human instinctive behavior”
The human mind has 3 aspects of which influence behavior

6. Id, Ego, and Superego (cont.)
The id (pleasure principle)
Strives to satisfy desires and reduce inner tension
The ego (the reality principle)
Solves problems by planning and weighing of pros & cons
The Superego (the conscience)
Constrains individual action through internalized social norms & moral forces

7. Id, Ego, and Superego (cont.)
Id-unconscious part of the mind
Primitive parts of our personality that include aggression and sexual drives
Ego-conscious part of the mind
Decides what action to take for positive means and do what’s believed the right thing
Superego-unconscious part of the mind that acts as our conscience; reminds us of what we should do

8. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, compared the human mind to an iceberg. The tip above the water represents consciousness, and the vast region below the surface symbolizes the unconscious mind. Of Freud’s three basic personality structures—id, ego, and superego—only the id is totally unconscious.

9. Id vs. Ego The Id & Superego are in constant conflict
Your drive tells you to do one thing, while society tells you to do something else
If the conflict between the Id and Ego isn’t resolved, you may experience unhappiness or mental distress
To resolve, you must uncover what is in your unconscious memory

10. Resolution Free association Hypnosis Dreams
Use ink blot pictures to trigger unconscious memories
Hypnosis
Use to open up vivid details of the past
Dreams
They’re the unconscious mind talking
Driver-means you feel in control of your life
Passenger-someone else is in control of your life

11. Dream Interpretation Falling Staircase, ladder Water Tooth removal
Anxiety
Sexual intercourse
Birth, mother
Castration
Crime
Bedwetting
Father
Women
Falling
Staircase, ladder
Water
Tooth removal
Left (direction)
Fire
Robber
Room, table with food