1. 9-2: “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick” 1900-1912

2. Thematic Learning Objectives
NAT 2.0 Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society.
WOR 1.0 Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, economic, and social developments in North America.

3. Key Concept
Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

4. Overview U.S. thrown into position of international power
Debates over the nation’s proper role in the world

5. Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy
Panama Canal
Viewed European efforts a violation of Monroe Doctrine
Panamanian Revolution to make deal for canal
Roosevelt Corollary
Background—Caribbean nations’ debt defaults to European banks
U.S. to assume “international police power” to enforce Monroe Doctrine in Latin America
Expansion of U.S. role in Latin America

6. Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy
East Asia
China
Open Door Policy
Defeat at hands of Japan
“Spheres of influence”
Sec. of State Hay—“Open door” by which all nations have equal trading privileges
Protection of U.S. interests
Boxer Rebellion
Rise of Chinese nationalists/xenophobia
U.S. participation in international force

7. William Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
East Asia and Latin America
Use economic investments to bolster American foreign policy and create greater stability in those regions
Unsuccessful—didn’t counteract revolutions and economic instability

8. Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Affairs
Moral Diplomacy
Denounced imperialism and Dollar Diplomacy
Advocated capitalist democracies throughout the world
Military Intervention
Veracruz occupation
Pancho Villa and the American Expeditionary Force