1. Open-Ended Questions Chapter 27: Modernization

2. Obstacles of Pan-Arabism4
Obstacles of Pan-Arabism
National, ethnic & kinship ties proved to be stronger than the pan-Arabism movement
Religious Diversity
Arab lands had no geographic unity
Settlements were scattered across a wide area
Economic gaps between rich and poor nations
United Arab Republic ( )

3. Obstacles to Modernization
population explosion
poverty
illiteracy
limited education
fear of cultural change
Islamists/Extremists
civil unrest/conflict/Political corruption/unrest
Debt Crisis
Scarcity of water/land

4. Common Threads to Modernization
Ending foreign control of industry
Feeding, educating and employing their growing population
giving extensive governmental power
economic and social reforms
improving agriculture and industry
technology
effect = westernization
To resolve the goals of modernization with Islamic Society/fundamentalism

5. Discuss and Compare the different types of governments in the Middle East.
Identify and compare types of Governments
Republics – multiparty vs single party
Monarchy: absolute vs constitutional
Theocracy
Some have turned autocratic/dictatorship
Amount of citizenship participation
Examples