1. Bacterial and Viral Diseases
Part 2 – Genitourinary, Nervous System, Wound, Blood, HIV, and STORCH diseases

2. Bacterial Genitourinary Infections
Bacterial Cysitis = Bladder = Urinary Tract infection
Enterobacteria – E. coli (80-90% of all UTI)
Proteus and Klebsiella, (together make up about 5-10%)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5-10%).

3. Risk of acquiring STDs
Figure 25.7

4. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Figure 25.8

5. Bacterial- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Gonorrhea – Neiserria gonorrhea
Clamydia - Clamydia trachomatis
Syphilis – Treponema pallidum

6. Electron micrograph of N. gonorrhoeae
Figure 25.9

7. Scanning electron micrograph of Chlamydia trachomitis
Figure 25.10

8. Treponema pallidum
Figure 25.12

9. Congenital syphilis
Figure 25.15

10. Viral STDS Genital Herpes – Herpes Simplex II
Papillomavirus infections – HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
AIDS – (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus

11. Genital herpes simplex
Figure 25.17

12. Genital warts
Abnormal papanicolaou smear
Figure 25.18

13. Bacterial Meningitis Causative agent Vaccine/ Treatment Age Group
Neisseria meningitidis
Vaccine - but not routinely given
Older children and adults
Haemophilis influenzae
Hib vaccine
6 mo- 2 yrs
Group B Streptococcus
Give Antibiotics before birth of baby
< 1 mo
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Yes - capsular pneumococcal vaccine
All Ages
Listeria monocytogenes
Antibiotics – Food handling
Very old and very young (<1mo)

14. Five leading causes of meningitis
Figure 26.5

15. Petechiae
Figure 26.6

16. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil response
Figure 26.7

17. Cases on meningococcal disease
Figure 26.8

18. Distribution of encephalitis – causing arboviruses
Figure 26.14

19. Comparison of Clostridial Toxins
Tetanus toxin
causes spastic paralysis by inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase (which will break down ACh)
Botox toxin
causes flaccid paralysis by blocking the ACh receptors on post-synaptic membrane (muscle sarcolemma)

20. Viral Nervous System Infections
Meningitis – caused by picornaviruses (small naked RNA) – coxsackie and echoviruses are most common – make up about 50% of cases.
Encephalitis – various viruses – transmitted by mosquito
Poliomyelitis – transmitted by oral-fecal route
Rabies - transmitted by the bite of infected animal

21. Poliomyelitis
Figure 26.15

22. “iron lungs”
Figure 26.17

23. Incidence of poliomyelitis
Figure 26.18

24. Rabies virus and rabid animal
Figure 26.19

25. Bacterial Wound Infections
Staphylococcus aureus (aerobic) – most common
Streptococcus pyogenes (anaerobic)- flesh eating “necrotizing fascitis”
Pseudomonas aeroginosa (aerobic) - most common nosicomial infection
Clostridium tetani (anaerobic)- “lock jaw” – causes arching in back
Clostridium perfringenes (anaerobic) – gas gangrene – splits open wound due to gas accumulation.
Actinomyces israelii (anaerobic) – “lumpy jaw”

26. Staphylococcus aureus – surgical wound
Figure 27.3

27. S. aureus - pus
Figure 27.4

28. Streptococcus pyogenes- Necrotizing fasciitis
Figure 27.5

29. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - pigmentation
Figure 27.6

30. Clostridium tetani - spores
Figure 27.8

31. Muscle spasm - tetanospasm
Figure 27.7

32. Clostridium perfringenes- Gas gangrene
Figure 27.12

33. Actinomyces israelii - “Lumpy jaw” of the face
Figure 27.13

34. Bacterial Zoonosis Infections
Francisella tularensis – Tularemia – “Rabbit fever” – transmitted by droplets from small game animals.
Brucella melitensis – “Undulent Fever” –“Bang’s Disease” – recurrence in fever symptoms over a period of weeks to months later
Yersinia pestis - “Black Death” The plague – bubonic (transmitted by rat flea bites) and pneumonic (transmitted human to human by air droplets)

35. Cases of Tularemia
Figure 28.5

36. Yersinia pestis
Figure 28.6

37. Viral Blood Infections
Infectious Mononucleosis – kissing – drinking after someone who has the virus in saliva
Yellow Fever – Aedes mosquito

38. Natural history of HIV disease
Figure 29.8

39. HIV/AIDS epidemic
Figure 29.1

40. Kaposi’s sarcoma
Figure 29.12

41. Cytomegalovirus – “owl’s eye”
Figure 29.15

42. HIV Complications Toxoplasmosis gondii Pneumocystis carinii
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cytomeglovirus

43. Diseases that cause congenital birth defects
S – Syphilis (bacterial)
T – Toxoplasmosis (other – protozoan)
O – Other (bacterial)
R – Rubella (viral)
C – Cytomeglovirus (viral)
H – Herpes (viral)