1. The West Between the Wars
Chapter 28
The West Between the Wars

2. What are we going to be focusing on…
What can cause economic instability?
How might political change impact society?

3. Instability After World War I
Peace settlement cause new issues for Europe
US didn’t join league of nations
Lessened it’s power
__________________________created harsh penalties for Central Powers
Germany had to pay _________________ marks to France for damages
Couldn’t pay after first year
France occupied __________________, collect $ from Industry and Mines

4. Economic Disaster in Germany
France occupation led to the financial collapse of Germany
German government began to _____________________ _______________________________________________
Cause Mass Inflation
1914: 1 US $ = ________________________ German Marks
1923: 1 US $ = ________________________ German Marks
Bailed out by American loans, investments
Treaty of Locarno: Established between France, Germany, and Belgium
Kellogg-Braind pact: _____________________________ _______________________________________________
Led to period of great prosperity
Roaring 20’s

5. The Great Depression
Depression: ___________________________________ _____________________________________________
Started by individual national economies failing
Falling wheat and coal prices
1928 ____________________ starting pulling money out of Germany, Europe
Moved $ to stocks, Stock market crashed in 1929
Led to more $ being taken out of Europe, more collapse
% of Britain, 30% of Germany unemployed
Led to greater Government involvement in economy.
Start Day 2 here.

6. Response to Depression
Germany
Decrease in economic growth led to loss of income and savings
Led to ____________________________________
Great Britain
Labour Party couldn’t solve economic problems, replaced with by Conservative government.
Used balanced budget and protective tariffs to stabilize economy.
Believed problem was over production, not decrease in demand.

7. Response to DepressionUS
Franklin D. Roosevelt passed ____________________
Policies of economic intervention
Started worker programs to get people back to work
Started ________________________________
France
Depression led to rise in _______________________ ____________________________________________
Passed French New Deal
_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

8. Rise of Dictators After WWI many European States adapted democracy
… Others led to Authoritarian Regimes
Italy, Soviet Union, Germany
Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
______________________________________________
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
Achieved through __________________________
Individual freedoms less important than overall will.

9. Fascism in Italy
__________________________established first European fascist movement
Fascism: _______________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
“Fascio di Combattimento”: _________________________
Granted position of Prime Minister by King Victor II
Established fascist dictatorship
Created secret police force (OVRA)
Monitored subversive political activities
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

10. Creation of the USSR
After WWI, Russian peasants sabotaged Russian programs
Hoarding food
Drought led to catastrophic _____________________.
Industrial collapse accompanied crop failures
Lenin instituted ________________________________________
Modified capitalist system, intended to be temporary
Small businesses, farms, could be private
Large manufacturing and banks would be public
1922 Lenin created a new state: ________________
United Soviet Socialist Republics
After Lenin’s death in 1924 created power struggle within party
___________________________ emerged.

11. USSR Under Stalin
Stalin removed remaining Bolsheviks from party leadership
Gain complete control of Communist party
_____________________________________
Removed NEP, and launched “______________________”
5 year economic plans, focused on turning USSR from agrarian to industrial economy
Rapidly increased ____________________________________
Negative effects
Focus on Industrialization led to _____________________________
Private farms were taken over by government collectivism
“The Great Purge”: ______________________________________ _______________________________________________________.

12. Authoritarian States in the West
Eastern Europe: Most of the new parliamentary systems set up in eastern Europe following World War I failed.
Most eastern European countries were rural, with large landowners maintaining a grip on power.
Many people feared _____________________________________________.
_______________ systems soon replaced the struggling democracies.
These governments worked to preserve the old order.
Spain:
In 1936, _____________________________ led Spain's military in a revolt against the country's republican government.
The result was a brutal civil war. Foreign countries aided both sides.
Franco's forces prevailed, and Franco established a military dictatorship.
Authoritarian, not Totalitarian

13. Rise of Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany
Born in Austria in 1889
In 1919, joined German Workers’ Party, later renamed National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party
_________________________________
Blamed _______________________ for Germany's defeat in World War I and its economic troubles
In November 1923 staged armed uprising (Beer Hall Putsch) and was sentenced to prison; wrote Mein Kampf there

14. Rise of Hitler, Nazi Germany
After release from prison, expanded Nazi Party so that it could compete for votes
Decline of German government leaders’ popularity in late 1920s and early 1930s due to _______________________
Popularity of Hitler’s nationalist appeals, leading to Nazis’ becoming largest party in German parliament in 1932
Appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933

15. Totalitarian State Plans for the Nazi State
An "Aryan state": ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
The SS (Schutzstaffeln) was a force used to maintain order and carry out Nazi policies.
Control the secret police forces as well as the regular police.
The SS used repression and murder to carry out Nazi policies.
_______________________________________________________
Concentration camps, and death camps—
Execution squads terrorized people that the Nazis proclaimed to be their enemies, _______________________________________________.

16. Nazi Propoganda
__________________________ ______________________were staged to generate national pride and enthusiasm about Nazism.
Means of __________________ spread the Nazi message.
Feature and documentary films
Radio broadcasts, including Hitler’s speeches

17. Nazis' Views of Women and Jews
Nazis believed that women played a crucial role as bearers of the children who would bring about the triumph of the Aryan "race."
The Nazis believed women should be _____________________, and they allowed women few opportunities for employment.
In 1935, new racial laws defined which Germans were considered Jews,
Excluded Jews from ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Jews were barred from public transportation and public buildings, including schools and hospitals.
They were prohibited from ______________________________ ______________________________________________________

18. Citations
Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History & Geography. Bothell: McGraw-Hill Education, E-Book