1. The Early Cold War

2. Cold War Origins What caused the Cold War?
1st Red Scare – Bolshevik Revolution
USSR not recognized by US until 1933
Nonaggression Pact (1939)
10 million soldiers in Red Army
U.N. Security Council
U.S., Britain, France, China, USSR – veto power
World Bank – Soviets did not support it
Arms race

3. Eastern Europe
No free elections (Stalin promised)
Expansion of USSR – Russia “needed” the buffer states from Germany
Division of Germany

4. Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
It is my duty, however, to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. The safety of the world, ladies and gentlemen, requires a unity in Europe, from which no nation should be permanently outcast.

5. Containment 1947 – “get tough with Russia” Truman Doctrine
→ contain the spread of Communism
Truman Doctrine
Soviets threaten to take Greece and Turkey
US will send $$ and supplies to stop communism
* * Foundation of Cold War policy through 1980s
“if we fail to act now, we may endanger the welfare of our own nation”
- Harry Truman, March 1947

6. National Security Act (1947)
Created:
Department of Defense
Central Intelligence Agency

7. The Marshall Plan Sec. of State George Marshall July 1947
$13 billion pledged over 4 years to European nations destroyed by WW II
USSR refused “capitalist money”

8. Soviet Response ( )
Czechoslovakia and Hungary taken into Soviet Union
Cut off all land access into Berlin

9. Berlin Airlift 1948 Operation Vittles
11 months of supplies flown in to Berlin
May East and West Germany are created (Berlin divided too)

10. Israel
UN countries realized the importance of political power in the land of oil
Israel created
According to the cartoon, what was an underlying reason for creating Israel?

11. NATO – April 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Soviet Response
US, Canada, 10 European nations
1st peacetime military alliance in US history
Soviet Response
Warsaw Pact

12. Arms Race NATO vs. Warsaw Nations Soviets test A-bomb in 1949
U.S. developed Hydrogen bomb in Nov. 1952
Soviets followed in 1953

13. H – Bomb

14. Red Scare & McCarthyism
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Originally created in 1939 to search for Nazi spies in US
Began the hunt for communists in late 1940s
Hollywood Ten – refused to testify against suspected communists in Hollywood

15. Joseph McCarthy Wisconsin senator 1950 – speech in West Virginia
Four years of political power

16. Loyalty Review Board
Investigated over 3 million federal employees for suspected communist activity
Smith Act of 1940 – illegal to teach or promote the overthrow of the government or belong to an organization that does this. Supported by the Supreme Court in 1951 – Dennis et al. vs. US

17. Espionage Cases
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (1951)

18. Cold War in Asia

19. Japan Gen. MacArthur controlled reconstruction
1947 – Democracy established
Emperor Hirohito
Japan gave up Korea
US occupation ended in 1951

20. China Nationalist party leader – Chiang Kai-shek 1949 – Communism
Mao Zedong
Sino-Soviet Pact (1950) – military alliance between China and USSR

21. Korea
NSC – 68
Report stated that the US was falling behind in military power to USSR
Answer to this = Military spending up 400%
38th parallel
North – Kim Il Sung
South – Syngman Rhee

22. Korean (Police Action) War
United Nations’ answer to military expansion
Douglas MacArthur
China aided North Korea
Truman censored Mac, then fired him

23. Impact of the Korean War
War over an economic/political idea
Communism vs. Capitalism/Democracy
Korea remained divided North (communist) and South (democratic, free market)
US maintained an ally in Asia, held off Soviet and Chinese aggression
US made mistakes that it repeated in Vietnam
Endless budget to fight
Lack of respect for enemy
Problems in communication between politicians and military