1. Do now activity #2
What are the functional characteristics of muscle (4)?
Compare & contrast: endomysium, perimysium, & epimysium.
What is another name for a muscle cell?
Groups of muscle fibers is called what?

2. Do now activity #3 What is a sarcomere?
What are groups of muscle fibers called?
What 2 proteins are involved in the sliding filament model?
List the steps of the sliding filament model in order.

3. chapter 9-3: energy Essential Question:
Is oxygen debt more likely to occur during aerobic or resistance exercises? Explain why.
chapter 9-3: energy
Learning Targets
Identify common joint injuries.
Identify the inflammatory and degenerative diseases (including arthritis).

4. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

5. Muscle Tone: A Review
Occurs when muscles are slightly contracted when relaxed
Doesn’t produce movement
Keeps muscles firm, healthy and ready to contract fully
Helps stabilize joints and maintain posture

6. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

7. Energy for Contraction
The energy for contraction comes from ATP
ATP is derived from food by cellular respiration, fermentation or using creatine phosphate

9. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

10. Creatine Phosphate A high energy molecule stored in the muscles
Used to make ATP when sudden energy demand occurs
Stored ATP and creatine phosphate can supply seconds of power

11. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

12. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic: with oxygen Anaerobic: without oxygen
All three stages of cellular respiration
Produces more ATP
Provides energy during light exercise and rest
Anaerobic: without oxygen
1st stage of respiration only
Produces small amount of ATP
Creates lactic acid
Provides most of energy for seconds of activity

13. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

14. Muscle Fatigue
Occurs when oxygen is limited and ATP production is not sufficient
Muscle contract less effectively and eventually lose the ability to contract
Results from a deficit of ATP
Lactic acid builds up
Causes muscle ache

15. Oxygen Debt Occurs during anaerobic activity
Not enough oxygen is available for full aerobic respiration
The body stores the excess lactic acid until enough oxygen is “repayed”
This is why we breathe harder after exercise

16. What happens to all the energy from the ATP during contraction?
Around 40% of the energy from each ATP is used for useful work
The other 60% is lost as heat
That is why shivering (muscle contraction) is used to warm our body Do
not
copy

17. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

18. Types of Muscle Fibers Oxidative Glycolytic Use aerobic pathways
Can be: slow-resist fatigue, used in endurance activities
or fast moderately resistant, used during walking
Glycolytic
Use anaerobic
Only fast, fatigue easily, used in short powerful bursts

19. Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

20. Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic or endurance exercise create more efficient muscle contraction and metabolism
Creates greater endurance, strength and resistance to fatigue

21. Resistance Exercise High intensity, requires strength (weight lifting)
Short durations
Mostly anaerobic
Creates muscle hypertrophy: increasing the size of the muscle fiber