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A Brief Introduction to In-text Citations MLA Style Updated Feb., 2011
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In-Text Citation also known as parenthetical documentation.
used to cite borrowed words, facts, or ideas at the point they are used in the document. used in conjunction with and not as a replacement for the Works Cited page.
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In-Text Citation In-text citations lead readers to specific works listed on the Works Cited page.
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Use an In-Text Citation When
You use an idea from a source. The idea is not originally yours. It belongs to the author(s) of the source and must be cited. You paraphrase or summarize a source (even if you change the word order and replace words with synonyms). You directly quote a source. You use information that is not common knowledge.
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Some In-Text Citation Guidelines
For a source with one author: Helpfulness and listening skills are key components of consulting success (Burkhart 6). There should be an entry on the Works Cited Page that corresponds to this in-text citation: Burkhart, Mary. Tips for Writing Consultants. Scranton: Scranton Books, Print.
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Some In-Text Citation Guidelines
For a source with no author: Use the title or a shortened version of the title in quotation marks if it is a short work or in italics/underline if it is a long work. (“Working with Student Writers” 6).
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Some In-Text Citation Guidelines
For a source with two/three authors: Separate last names with any necessary commas and the word “and.” (Burkhart and Smith 6) For a source with four/more authors: Include all last names or include first last name followed by “et al.” (Burkhart et al. 6).
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Some In-Text Citation Guidelines
For a source with the author named in a signal phrase: Include just the page number. Mary Burkhart reports that effective listening and communication skills are imperative (6). For a source without page numbers: Include just the author’s name. (Burkhart).
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