1. World War II
Chapter 16

2. What is Going on in Europe
Nationalism takes hold
Why? The economy is in the dump
Treaty of Versailles failed
USSR ruled by Joseph Stalin (totalitarian)
Creates an agricultural and industrial revolution but also rules with an iron fist
Benito Mussolini takes control of Italy as the fascist leader
Fascism – stressed nationalism and placed the state above individuals
Adolf Hitler takes control of Germany under the fascist Nazis

3. Japan Ruled by an emperor but…
At this time (1930s) the militarists truly take control
Militarists – People in/or back the military

4. Invasions and Civil War
In 1931 Japan takes over Manchuria
This is a large area north of Korea, upset the Chinese
Italy expands into Africa (Ethiopia)
Francisco Franco wants Spain to become fascist and starts a war there

5. America? Do not want anything to do with Europe
Isolationism
Congress passes the Neutrality Act
Outlawed the sale of guns and loans to nations at war
It did not last very long

6. War in Europe Hitler takes over Austria and Czechoslovakia
No fighting, just took them over
Against the Treaty of Versailles
Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 really starts WWII
Used the Blitzkrieg – lighting warfare
Most of Europe will fall the Nazis
Great Britain and the U.S.S.R. are the only countries left that oppose the Nazis by 1941

7. The Holocaust
Hitler blamed the Jewish people for all the problems in Germany
Many people in Europe dislike the Jewish people before Hitler rose to power (prejudice)
At first Hitler tried to send the Jews out of Germany
Kristallnacht – “night of broken glass” Nazis attacked Jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues across Germany
Many tried to flee to other countries on their own
Once again people all around the world did not like the Jews so many are sent back

8. The Holocaust
The big problem, Hitler had a growing Jewish population by taking over other countries that Jews fled to escape him
They are now sent to camps and ghettos
Ghettos are sections of city that only held Jews
Camps
They started out as labor camps (originally for political opposition)
Later they will develop into concentration camps (death camps)

9. The Holocaust Hitler called for his “Final Solution”
The death for all Jews
Actually they started by shooting them
But it was too traumatic for the Nazis doing the shooting
They started to use poisons gases (Zyklon B)
Had issues with disposing of the bodies settled on giant kilns that would cremate them

10. America FDR needed to do something so he takes small steps
Warned the Axis Powers (Japan, Germany, and Italy) were dangerous
Starts to build the U.S. defenses
Men between the ages of are called up to service (military)
FDR is elected to a third term

11. America
Lend-Lease Act – giving supplies to the Allied powers, primarily Britain but some to USSR
It was harder to get goods to Russia because of their location
Germany sinks US ships
FDR is mad and tells Hitler to stop
He does not
So FDR tells American ships to sink the Germans

12. America
Atlantic Charter – This was meant to keep the sea open and free
Followed the Treaty of Versailles and justified America attacking the Germans
Hideki Tojo – defacto leader of Japan
AMERICA GOES TO WAR!!