1. 3.4 Quebec and Citizenship
Quebec: Federalism or Separatism

2. The Quiet Revolution
History: The French and English fought each other in N. Amer. Over many issues (ex. Fur Trade) until the British Empire conquered the French Empire in the 18th Century.

3. The Quiet Revolution
1960 – Jean Lesage - Became Premier of Quebec. His goal was to make Quebec self-sufficient and less reliant on English Canada. Platform:
Built French Schools and Universities.
Took over all private hydroelectric companies and build Hydro-Quebec.
Built new Hydro Dams and became Energy independent.

4. Three Wise Men
Quebec (Federalist) Leaders who wanted French Language Rights and Equality in Ottawa.
Gerard Pelletier
Jean Marchand
Pierre Trudeau

5. October Crisis
1960’s Radical Separatists wanted Quebec to completely split from Canada.
Front de Liberation (FLQ) – used terrorist tactics (bombs, assassinations, kidnappings) to force change.
In October, 1970 PM Pierre Trudeau enacted the War Measures Act which created marshal law in Quebec. Many terrorists were arrested without a trial.

6. October Crisis

7. Pierre Trudeau / Change
Under Trudeau, French Canadians gained many rights with out separating from Canada:
Official Bilingualism (1968)
Creation of Parti Quebecois (Quebec’s official Federal Party)
Opposed Separation from Canada.
1980 Referendum Quebec voted No.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (drafted in 1981).