Introduction to Heredity Vocabulary

Introduction to Heredity Vocabulary

Heredity-

Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next

Genetics-

Genetics- The scientific study of heredity

Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Gene-

Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Gene- Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Gene- Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait Example: Leaf Color

Allele-

Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene

Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves

Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele-

Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele- a trait that will always be expressed if it is present

Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele- a trait that will always be expressed if it is present Recessive Allele-

Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele- a trait that will always be expressed if it is present Recessive Allele-a trait that will only be expressed if the dominant allele is NOT present

Using symbols to represent alleles:
All the alleles of a gene are usually represented by the same letter. Dominant allele is represented by the capital letter. Example: Green Leaves = G Recessive allele is represented by the lower case letter. Example: Yellow Leaves= g

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father.

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex.

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents Can be homozygous recessive ex.

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents Can be homozygous recessive ex. gg

Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents Can be homozygous recessive ex. gg Received a recessive allele from both parents

Heterozygous-

Heterozygous- Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait

Ex.

Ex. Gg

Ex. Gg received a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other

Ex. Gg received a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other dominant allele is always listed first

Genotype-

Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: , , or

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, , or

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype-

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: due to and genotypes

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to and genotypes

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and genotypes

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes Recessive Phenotype: due to genotype

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes Recessive Phenotype: Yellow leaves due to genotype

With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes Recessive Phenotype: Yellow leaves due to gg genotype

Autosomal Gene –

Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome

Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b

Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene-

Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene- a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, most often the X chromosome

Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene- a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, most often the X chromosome EX: Not Color Blind, XB, and Color Blind Xb

Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene- a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, most often the X chromosome EX: Not Color Blind, XB, and Color Blind Xb The vast majority of genes are on autosomal chromosomes, while very few genes are located on the X-chromosome. A problem will inform you if the gene is on the X-chromosome.

Introduction to Heredity Vocabulary

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