1. Optimized Biventricular Pacing in Atrioventricular Block After Cardiac Surgery 
George Berberian, MD, T. Alexander Quinn, MS, Joshua P. Kanter, MD, Lauren J. Curtis, BA, Santos E. Cabreriza, MBA, Alan D. Weinberg, MS, Henry M. Spotnitz, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 80, Issue 3, Pages (September 2005)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Representative tracings during ventricular pacing site testing in patient HB-5. Top channel shows the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing. Middle channel is the arterial pressure signal. Bottom channel is aortic flow velocity. Vertical lines indicate point in time where ventricular pacing site was changed (10-second intervals). (BiV = biventricular; LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
The individual effect of ventricular pacing site on cardiac index for seven patients. ■ = individual data points; □ = average data points (for 7 patients) with SEM bars and corresponding average numerical values. (BiV = biventricular; LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
The individual effect of optimum and baseline pacing settings on cardiac index for five patients over three respiratory cycles. □ = average data points (for 5 patients) with SEM bars and corresponding average numerical values; ● = individual data points. (BL = baseline setting; OPT = optimum setting.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Variation of mean arterial pressure and cardiac index across three respiratory cycles for both pacing settings. Values are averaged from five patients. Mean arterial pressure is shown on the top and cardiac index on the bottom. Time is expressed as percentage of the respiratory cycle. ● = optimum setting; □ = baseline setting.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Variation of mean arterial pressure and cardiac index across the respiratory cycle (end-expiration to end-expiration) for both pacing settings. Values are the average of three respiratory cycles from five patients with standard errors. Mean arterial pressure is shown on the top and cardiac index on the bottom. Time is expressed as percentage of the respiratory cycle. The mean of each curve is displayed as a dashed line. □ = baseline setting; ● = optimum setting.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions