1. Challenges to Liberalism Related to Foreign Policy Social 30-1
Cold War
Challenges to Liberalism Related to Foreign Policy
Social 30-1

2. Key Terms Expansionism Containment Deterrence Brinkmanship Détente
2.10 Analyze how ideological conflict shaped international relations after the Second World War
Key Terms
Expansionism
Containment
Deterrence
Brinkmanship
Détente
Nonalignment
Liberation movements

3. Iron Curtain
A metaphor for the division between American and Soviet ideologies.

4. Cold War ( )
An all-out political, economic, and social struggle between the USA and USSR.

5. WWII ( )

6. Yalta “Big Three” met to plan: Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
remaining wartime actions
the future of postwar Europe
p.237
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

7. Yalta (Feb. 1945)
To put an end to German militarism and Nazism and punish war criminals
Self Government. To assist countries under Allied occupation in forming democratically elected interim governments.
Germany divided into occupation zones
Confirmed Soviet possession of Eastern Poland compensating Poland with German territory
Announced a “conference of United Nations” to be held in San Francisco in April 1945

8. Yalta (Feb. 1945)

9. Potsdam (July 1945) Atlee, Truman, Stalin
Capitalist Scum!
Issue ultimatum to Japan. (Truman kept the bomb a secret)
Conflict
Leaders realized Stalin wasn’t keeping promises of self determination.
USSR wanted German reparations and a weakened Germany however Allies decided on a healthy Germany for peace.
Communist Dirt bag!
Atlee, Truman, Stalin

10. End of WWII Truman decided to drop the bomb because:
It ends the war quickly saving American lives
Showoff American might to Stalin

11. Expansionism
After WWII, the USA and the USSR began to establish spheres of influence in Europe
Particularly in nations that they liberated
Stalin wanted a buffer zone to protect the Soviet Union
They also responded with containment, attempting to thwart the other’s expansionism.

12. Truman Doctrine (1947)
President Truman openly declares American foreign policy of containing communism.
Marshall Plan
$13 billion (over $100 billion in today’s currency) to help the recovery of war ravaged nations in Europe.

13. How does the ‘crisis theory’ relate to the US decision in implementing the Marshall Plan?

15. Marshall Plan (1947)
The soviets and soviet satellite states rejected the Marshall Plan.
Recipients had to agree on conditions that implemented free market policies
Would the Americans have given them money if they had accepted?
The USSR responded with the Molotov plan, bilateral trade agreements to help consolidate socialist economies.

16. Marshall Plan(1947)

17. Berlin
Like Germany, Berlin was also divided in 1945 into four zones of occupation

18. Berlin
By 1948, Stalin would not allow East Germany to unify with the west.
Result in Bizonia, West and East Germany
Marshall Plan revitalized the West.
Stalin saw this as a threat to USSR

19. Berlin Airlift June, 1948. Stalin blocked all access to West Berlin
Western response, fly in supplies.
At height, a plane arrived every 3 minutes
May, Stalin lifts blockade.

20. Berlin Wall (1961)
Physical borders became important lines of ideological division.
August, 1961, A border was created, surrounding the city.
Prevent flow of East Germans into the West
Protect East from West

21. Alignment:NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
Korea ppt!

22. Breaking Free of the Iron Curtain
Hungary: 1956
Revolt led to democratic government however Soviet forces invaded and restored pro-Soviet government.
Czechoslovakia, Prague Spring 1968
Reformist government grants greater freedoms (media, speech, travel, etc…) with plan of gradually implementing democracy. Soviet led Warsaw Pact invades and reverses reforms.
What message did the USSR send with these events?

23. Breaking Free of the Iron Curtain
Yugoslavia, Tito
Josip Tito led a communist government but refused to align himself with Stalin.
Ruled
How could geography of played a role in Yugoslavia’s non-alignment?

24. Non-Alignment Bandung Conference - 1955
29 African and Asian nations met to promote development and oppose imperial intentions of superpowers.
Non-Alignment Movement gained momentum, particularly in developing nations.
Bandung
Non-alignment

25. Deterrence Deterrence Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
Foreign Policy of arms build up and development to deter others from attacking.
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
Each side deterred from entering into conflict, especially with weapons of mass destruction.

26. NORAD / DEW Line
Canada aligned with USA
DEW station
NORAD Entrance

27. France’s Dissuasion
France developed nukes independently for deterrence rather than intimidation.
Wanted sovereignty from US dominated NATO, withdrew participation in 1966.
In 2000s, France refocused its nuclear policy to deter terrorist strikes.
Charles de Gaulle

28. Brinkmanship Brinkmanship Cuban Missile Crisis
Foreign Policy of pushing one’s demands to the brink of war.
Cuban Missile Crisis