1. Gut mucosal ischemia during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass results from blood flow redistribution and increased oxygen demand 
Weike Tao, MDa, Joseph B. Zwischenberger, MDa, Thuan T. Nguyen, MDa, Roger A. Vertrees, CCPa, Laura B. McDaniel, MDb, Leta K. Nutt, BSb, David N. Herndon, MDa, George C. Kramer, PhDb 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 110, Issue 3, Pages (September 1995)
DOI: /S (95)
Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
SMA and ileal mucosal blood flow during CPB. SMA blood flow significantly increased to greater than 130 of baseline values, whereas ileal mucosal blood flow significantly decreased to approximately 50% of baseline value. *p < 0.05 versus baseline value; **p < 0.01 versus baseline value.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (95) )
Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Changes in portal blood O2 saturation during CPB. Consistent with decrease in mucosal blood flow, portal blood O2 saturation significantly decreased during CPB.*p < 0.05 versus baseline value.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (95) )
Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Gut mucosal pH values during CPB. Gastric, rectal,and ileal mucosal pH values all decreased significantly during CPB.*p < 0.05 versus baseline value.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (95) )
Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Arterial, mixed venous, and portal venous blood pHvalues during CPB. Although arterial and mixed venous blood pH values remained relatively normal throughout CPB, portal venous blood pH value decreased significantly at 90 and 120 minutes of bypass. *p< 0.05 versus baseline value.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (95) )
Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Changes in gut DO 2 andVO 2 during CPB. Gut DO 2 significantly decreased during CPB, but gut VO 2 increased progressively and independently of the decrease in gut DO 2. GutDO 2/VO 2 ratio decreased progressively during CPB, but remained greater than 2.9. *p< 0.05 versus baseline value.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (95) )
Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions