1. Industrial Development in S.C.
Standards 8-5.5

2. Standard 8-5.5
Compare industrial development in S.C. to industrialization in the rest of the U.S., including the expansion of railroads, the development of phosphate & textile industries, & immigration.

3. Key Words Textiles—woven or machine knitted fabrics
Monopoly—when one business becomes so powerful & eliminates its competition
Trust—the assurance of future payment for something
Turpentine—a fluid obtained from distilled pine resin—used as a solvent
Entrepreneur—one who organizes a business
Tuberculosis—a contagious disease of the lungs; caused by bacteria
Lint head—a negative nickname given to cotton mill workers

4. Economic Growth in the U.S.
Iron ore & coal discoveries growth of steel & oil industry rise of entrepreneurs
Ranches & farms meats & grains meat packing & processing plants
Provided jobs in America which were filled by immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Scotland, etc.
S.C. was mostly unaffected by this growth as the elite looked down upon industry
Conservatives offered very little support to industrial growth in S.C.

5. Railroads North—covered 50,000 miles
(major cities grew b/c of the RR as
connected suppliers & markets
around the U.S.)
South—had to rebuild after the Civil War
During reconstruction—RR were built and connected South NorthMidwest
RR—built to connect Charleston & ColumbiaChicagoNYCincinnati (Ohio)
Cornelius Vanderbilt (RR) & J.P. Morgan (steel)—monopoly on the RR and the steel used to build them

6. S.C. Railroad Companies Funding by federal gov’t S.C. Railroad
Northeastern RR
Charleston RR
Savannah RR
B/C of the RR
connecting east->west
time zones & standard
time was established

8. Oil Industry
Developed in the N.E.—for heat and light (became bigger in the 1890’s b/c of the car)
Oil Creek, PA—1st gusher was the ”Drake”
Standard Oil Company—1870’s in Ohio—became the largest company
(Exxon & Chevron are part of the S.O. Company)
No oil industry developed in S.C.

9. Standard Oil Company
John D. Rockefeller—founder of Standard Oil Company—monopoly on oil pipelines

10. ESSO—S.O.—Standard Oil

13. Causes of Industrial Growth
Many big industries became monopolies & eliminated their competition
Standard Oil Company—oil industry—John D. Rockefeller
U.S. Steel—steel industry—J.P. Morgan & Andrew Carnegie
Railroad Industry— Cornelius Vanderbilt

14. S.C. Industry
Textiles—began in North before the Civil War—became important to S.C. economy
Cotton Mills—modeled after northern mills—produced finished cloth, began in 1895 in S.C. Upstate & expanded across S.C. by 1910
Textile Industry—money from northern investors built mills—located near cotton fields & near rivers (to supply power)
1910—S.C. was 2nd largest textile producer in the U.S.

15. Growth of Textiles in S.C.
1. Streams & rivers—running water to power mills—Broad, Saluda, Catawba, etc. 2. Cotton—major crop for making cloth 3. Labor—ample supply of labor/employees for running the mills—provided for jobs for farmers who could no longer make a living

16. Mills and Mill Villages
Mills—employed average of 3 members of a family—children went to work in mills as young as 10.
Mill Villages—self sufficient towns—set up for mill workers—houses, schools, churches, stores, hospitals

17. Mill Village

23. Old Gas Station in Mill Village

25. Company Store

26. Mill Village School

27. Mill Village Swimming Pool

28. Working in the Mill Economic times determined whether workers had jobs
12 Hour days-6 days a week
Low wages in S.C.
Cotton fibers in the air—workers breathed in fibers—led to lung diseases
Accidents could “take off” fingers, arms, legs & end careers & lives
S.C. workers could not organize labor unions in order to get more pay & better working conditions
The U.S. gov’t supported mill owners rather than workers

31. Mills—located along rivers for power

32. Textile Mill

33. Inside Textile Mills

36. Young textile mill workers

37. Other S.C. Industry
Cotton Seed Industry—crushed seeds to make oil for shortening, margarines, salad oil, & explosives
2. Phosphates—used for fertilizers (lime)—found in coastal areas of Charleston & Beaufort after the war—mining lasted about 20 years
3. Lumber—long leaf pine trees—pine resin for turpentine