1. The Cold War: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Chapter 26 Section 4
Objective 10.04

2. Objective 10.04
Elaborate on changes in the direction of foreign policy related to the beginnings of the Cold War.

3. Arms Race
Begins during Truman’s presidency

4. Truman’s Election

5. Soviet Atomic Bomb
Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949

6. Race for the H-Bomb
H-Bomb – 67 times more powerful than bombs dropped on Japan
US explodes first H-Bomb on Nov 1, 1952
Aug Soviets

8. Dwight D. Eisenhower elected in 1952
Republican
Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe

9. Brinksmanship
John Foster Dulles – Sec. of State – staunchly anti-communist
Willingness of U.S. (and USSR), under Eisenhower, to go to the edge of all-out war – known as brinksmanship

11. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Used spies to gather information abroad
Carried out covert operations to weaken or overthrow gov’ts. unfriendly to the U.S.

12. CIA Covert Ops 1953 – CIA helps set up pro-American gov’t in Iran
1954 – CIA helps set up pro-American gov’t in Guatemala

15. Warsaw Pact Formed in response to NATO (1955)
Soviet Union, Albania, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria

16. Geneva 1955 – Eisenhower meets w/ Soviet leaders “open skies” proposal
Soviets reject
“spirit of Geneva”

17. Suez War Gamal Abdel-Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal
Israel, British, and French sent troops
UN stepped in – Egypt kept canal
Soviets supported Egypt – prestige in the region rose

18. Eisenhower Doctrine
To counterbalance Soviet support, Ike issues warning in Jan. 1957
Said that “U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country”

19. Hungary Anti-Soviet revolution in Hungary gets crushed – Imre Nagy
Despite Truman Doctrine, US did nothing to help

20. Cold War hits the skies Stalin dies – 1953
Nikita Khrushchev eventually comes to power
Favors communism, thinks it can triumph peacefully

21. Space Race Race for international prestige
October 4, 1957 – Soviets launched world’s first artificial satellite
Sputnik
Americans begin pouring money into space race
Jan. 31, 1958 – US launched its first satellite

23. U-2 Incident
Following Geneva failure, CIA began making secret high-altitude flights over Soviet territory
U-2 planes flew above radar detection
Infrared cameras took pictures

24. End to flights? By 1960s, US officials were nervous about flights
Soviets had been aware of flights for two years
Eisenhower was to hold a summit w/ Khrushchev in May 1960
Authorized one last flight

25. Francis Gary Powers
Final U-2 flight gets shot down by Soviet fighter on May 1, 1960
Soviets claimed it was shot down by a missile
Summit called off
Renewed tensions between the superpowers