1. Mycology
Fungi

2. Characteristics - General
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic (from organic materials)
Saprophytes – from decaying organic matter
Parasites/Symbiotic
Cell walls made of chitin (not cellulose)
Many tiny filaments (hyphae) tangled together = mycelium
Large surface area
Except yeast

3. Characteristics – Eating/Food
No ingestion– absorb through wall/membrane
Digestive enzymes into environment
Recycling nutrients
Decomposers

4. Reproduction Asexual and Sexual
Asexual – spores or hyphae fragmentation
Sporangia – spore storage
Sexual +/-
Gametangium
Fusing – form zygote

5. Reproduction continued…
Most of life – haploid (N)
Only diploid (2n) during reproduction
After fusion – meiosis…back to N

6. 1. Oomycota – Protistlike Fungi
“water molds”, downy mildew
Few on land
Thin cell walls of cellulose
Absorb food
Motile spores
Swim through rain/water
Multinucleates
Potato Blight

7. Oomycota Life cycle – p409 Sexual/Asexual Antheridium – sperm cells
Oogonium – egg cells
Spores produces by 2N mycelium
Flagellated Spores (only ones)
Form zoo spores

8. Oomycetes

9. Zygomycota – common molds
Eg. Black bread mold, cheese mold, meat mold
Terrestrial
Form zygospore
Thick walled zygote
Hyphae lack cross walls (chitin)
Except for reproductive structures
More than one type
RHIZOIDS – ANCHORS
Release enzymes + absorb
STOLONS – STEMS/TUBES

10. Zygomycete Life Cycle – P410
Asexual – spores
Sexual - Hyphates form gametangia (gamete producing).
fuse to form diploid zygospore (thick wall) -> hypha -> sporangium -> mycelium
Sporangophore = stalk that holds sporangium

11. Zygomycete

12. Ascomycota – Sac Fungi Eg. Morels, yeasts (bread) Largest phylum
Nuclei separated
Openings in cross walls – cytoplasm/nuclei
20 minutes to life
Yeast, H2O + sugar

13. Ascomycota Life Cycle – P412
Asexual:
Conidiophores – specialized hyphae
Conidia – fine spores
Sexual:
Ascus – tiny sac formed
+/- mating types = gametangia
Allow haploid fusing -> zygote
Up to 16 cells in ascus = ASCOSPORES

14. Ascomycete life cycle cont.

15. Basidiomycota – Club Fungi
Eg. Mushrooms, bracket (shell) fungi
Basidium – spore producing structure
Massive clumps of hyphae = fruiting body
Mushroom can show up over night

16. Basidomycota Life Cycle – P413
Basidiospore -> produces haploid mycelia
Fusion of mycelia (but not nuclei…yet)
makes fruiting body (mushrooms)
Hypahe forms button
Gills with basidia
Fusion of basidium – 2N -> meiosis - scattering

17. Basidiomycete life cycle…a picture

18. Deuteromycota – Imperfect Fungi
Eg. Penicilum, ring worm, athletes foot
No observed sexual reproduction
Look similar to ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes
Asexual – conidia
May be modified ascomycete

19. Fungi in Nature Feed on living organisms/dead remains Decomposition
Leaves, wood, animals
Found in almost every environment
Strands of mushrooms
Spore placement
= lottery win
puffballs

20. Fungi and people continued
Lichens = symbiotic relationship between fungus and photosynthetic organisms
Primary succession
Making bread (and alcohol) and food
Be careful
Disease
Potato blight – Ireland
Wheat Rust – N.A.
Foot
Ringworm
Yeast infection

21. ????????

22. Fun(gi) facts Peniclin (antibiotics) discovered by accident
Farming Ants
Big (89km2) yrs + 600tons
Blue whale = 200 tons
Tasty (but expensive) truffles
On sale! Only $450/lb
Trees donating energy
Up to 10%
Bioluminescent mushrooms
Spontaneous combustion?

23. Things to know Role of fungi/Importance
Diseases/Help in nature
General Characteristics of Fungi
Example/Characteristic/Reproduction
Phylums