1. Schedule Today (4/15): Chapter 21 Wednesday (4/17): Chapter 21
Should have read through at least Section 21.2
Wednesday (4/17): Chapter 21
Read through at least 21.4
Friday (4/19): Chapter 21
Read though at least 21.5
No office hours today.

2. Organic Chemistry Naming compounds Functional Groups Reactions
Systematic
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
Functional Groups
Alcohols, aldehydes, etc.
Reactions

3. Alkanes
These are called “saturated hydrocarbons” (maximum number of hydrogens – no double or triple bonds).
Carbon has 4 bonds, hydrogen has 1 bond.
CnH2n+2
“Normal” (sometimes n-); others are branched.
Structural isomers.

4. Structural Isomers of Butane
CH3CH2CH2CH3 n-butane or butane (CH3)3CH isobutane IUPAC: 2-methylpropane Methylpropane

5. Alkyl substituents
Methanol: CH3OH Ethanol: CH3CH2OH Isopropanol or 2-propanol

6. Naming Rules (see page 846)
For branched hydrocarbons, find the longest chain.
Use the lowest number for substituent groups.
3-methylhexane (not 4-methylhexane or 3-ethylpentane)
Put substituents in alphabetical order.
4-ethyl-3,5-dimethylnonane (ethyl before methyl)

7. Structural Isomers of Pentane
n-pentane (pentane)

8. Structural Isomers of Pentane
2-methylbutane (methylbutane)

9. Structural Isomers of Pentane
2,2-dimethylpropane dimethylpropane

10. Clicker Question
Name this compound. a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylbutane b) 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutane c) 1,1,3-trimethylisopentane d) 2,4,4-trimethylpentane e) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

11. Clicker Question
You visit another university and the professor names a molecule 3-methyl-4-isopropylpentane. Being a UIUC student, you point out that although the correct structure could be drawn, the name did not follow systematic rules. What is the correct systematic name for the molecule? a) 3,4,5-trimethylhexane b) 2-isopropyl-3-methylpentane c) 1,1,2,3-tetramethylpentane d) 2,3,4-trimethylhexane e) 3,4-dimethylheptane

12. Cyclic Alkanes
What is the name of the following compound? 1-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohexane

13. Alkenes and Alkynes These are called “unsaturated hydrocarbons”
Double bonds = alkene
Triple bonds = alkyne
Alkenes: CnH2n
Akynes: CnH2n–2
Cis-trans isomerism

14. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Note: “phenyl” prefix versus “benzene” suffix. “Phenyl” is used when benzene is a substituent.