1. Terminology HIV AIDS Acquired Human Immune Immunodeficiency Deficiency
Virus
AIDS
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome

3. 2 types of HIV: HIV – 1 (>99%) HIV - 2
Classification of HIV
2 types of HIV:
HIV – 1 (>99%)
HIV - 2

5. Genetic forms of HIV - 1 some phylogenetic subgroups:
M (main) subtypes (A – D, F – H, J i K)
O (outlier) (rare)
N (novel) (rare) P
CRF (Circulating Recombinant Forms)

7. Replication cycle of HIV
- Viral gp 120 binds to CD4 receptor of a lymphocyte
Coreceptors for entry: CCR5 or CXCR4 are helpful
Fusion of HIV with cellular membrane of lymphocyte occurs – virus enters the cell
Viral RNA is converted (transcripted) into DNA by reverse transcriptase
HIV DNA (provirus) integrates with DNA of a lymphocyte
RNA copies of a provirus are made (mRNA) – transcription
mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm and makes the host cell produce long chains of viral protein (translation)
HIV core protein and genomic RNA gather inside the cell and immature viral particles form and bud off from the cell
Chain of viral protein is cut into pieces by protease. That results in forming infectious viral particles.

8. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: NRTI (nucleosides, nucleotides)
Targets of HIV Therapy
Integrase Inhibitors
Entry
Inhibitors:
Fusion, CD4, CCR5
CXCR4
Nucleus
RNA
Protease
DNA
Reverse
transcriptase
HIV
CD4+ T-Cell
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
NRTI (nucleosides, nucleotides)
NNRTI
Protease inhibitors