1. Multi-Tier and Multi-Bit Reversible Data Hiding with Contents Characteristics
Source : Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, Volume 7, Jan 2016, Pages 11-20
Authors : Hsiang-Cheh Huang, Feng-Cheng Chang
Speaker : Jyun-Yi Li
Date : 2017/3/30 1

2. Outline Proposed scheme Experiment results Conclusion Preprocessing
Data embedding phase
Data extracting phase
Experiment results
Conclusion 2

3. Proposed scheme (1/12) Preprocessing 𝑝 𝑖 3x3 block 𝑑 𝑖 60 68 64 70 6663
𝑝 𝑖 60 64 63 70 68 66
3x3 block
𝑑 𝑖 60 -4 1 -1 -6 2 4 -2 3

4. Proposed scheme (2/12) Embedding Level(EL = 3) 𝑑 𝑖 𝑑 𝑖 ′ 60 -4 1 -1 -6
𝑑 𝑖 ′ = 𝑑 𝑖 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑖=1; 𝑑 𝑖 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 =1 𝑜𝑟 0, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 𝑑 𝑖 −1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ≤−1, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 𝑑 𝑖 +1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 >1, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛;
𝑑 𝑖 60 -4 1 -1 -6 2 4 -2
𝑑 𝑖 ′ 60 -5 1 -2 -7 3 5 -3 4

5. Proposed scheme (3/12) Embedding Level(EL = 3) 𝑑 𝑖 ′ 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 60 -5 1 -2
𝑑 𝑖 ′′ = 𝑑 𝑖 ′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑖=1; 𝑑 𝑖 ′ , 𝑖𝑓 −𝐸𝐿≤ 𝑑 𝑖 ′ ≤𝐸𝐿, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 𝑑 𝑖 ′ −𝐸𝐿−1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′ <−𝐸𝐿, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 𝑑 𝑖 ′ +𝐸𝐿, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′ >𝐸𝐿, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛;
𝑑 𝑖 ′ 60 -5 1 -2 -7 3 5 -3
𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 60 -9 1 -2
-11 3 8 -3 5

6. Proposed scheme (4/12) Data embedding phase(EL = 3 single-bit) 𝑑 𝑖 ′′
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑖=1; 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 −𝐸𝐿< 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ <𝐸𝐿, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; −2∗𝐸𝐿− 𝑊 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =−𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿≠0, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 2∗𝐸𝐿+ 𝑊 1 −1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿≠0𝑜𝑟1, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛;
Secret data:
𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 60 -9 1 -2
-11 3 8 -3 1
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 1 -2
-11 8 5 -7 6

7. Proposed scheme (5/12) EL = 2 (single-bit) 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑖=1; 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 −𝐸𝐿< 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ <𝐸𝐿, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; −2∗𝐸𝐿− 𝑊 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =−𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿≠0, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 2∗𝐸𝐿+ 𝑊 1 −1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿≠0𝑜𝑟1, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛;
Secret data:
𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 60 -9 1 -2
-11 5 8 -7
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 1 -4
-11 5 8 -7 7

8. Proposed scheme (6/12) EL = 1 (double-bit) 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑖=1; 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿>1𝑜𝑟𝐸𝐿<0, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 4∗𝐸𝐿− 𝑊 2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿=0𝑜𝑟1, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛;
Secret data:
𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 60 -9 1 -4
-11 5 8 -7 01
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 3 -4
-11 5 8 -7 8

9. Proposed scheme (7/12) EL = 0 (double-bit) 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑖=1; 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿>1𝑜𝑟𝐸𝐿<0, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛; 4∗𝐸𝐿− 𝑊 2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′ =𝐸𝐿, 𝐸𝐿=0𝑜𝑟1, 𝑖=2,3,…,𝑚x𝑛;
Secret data:
𝑑 𝑖 ′′ 60 -9 3 -4
-11 5 8 -7 11
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 3 -4
-11 5 8 -7 -3 9

10. Proposed scheme (8/12) Rearrange 𝑝 𝑖 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 𝑝 𝑖 ′ 60 64 63 70 68 66
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 3 -4
-11 5 8 -7 -3
𝑝 𝑖 ′ 60 69 61 67 75 65 71 60 65 69 75 71 61 67 10

11. Proposed scheme (9/12) Data extracting phase Non embedded 𝐸𝐿 𝑝 𝑖 ′
𝑑 𝑖 = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ −𝐸𝐿−1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ >2∗𝐸𝐿; 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ +𝐸𝐿+2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ <−2∗𝐸𝐿−1; 𝑟−1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ =2𝑟−1𝑜𝑟2𝑟, 𝑟=3,4…,𝐸𝐿; −𝑟+1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ =−2𝑟−1𝑜𝑟−2𝑟, 𝑟=2,3,…,𝐸𝐿; 60 65 69 75 71 61 67 𝐸𝐿 x 3 1 2
𝑝 𝑖 ′ 60 69 61 67 75 65 71
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9
𝑑 𝑖 60 -4
𝑝 𝑖 60 64 11

12. Proposed scheme (10/12) Double-bit embedded(EL < 2) 𝐸𝐿 𝑝 𝑖 ′
𝑑 𝑖 = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′
𝑊 2 ′ = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ −4∗ 𝑑 𝑖 𝐸𝐿 x 3 1 2
𝑝 𝑖 ′ 60 69 61 67 75 65 71
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 3
𝑑 𝑖 60 -4 1
𝑝 𝑖 60 64 63
𝑊 2 ′ = 3−4∗1 =1= (01) 2 12

13. Proposed scheme (11/12) Single-bit embedded(EL ≥ 2) 𝐸𝐿 𝑝 𝑖 ′ 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′
𝑑 𝑖 = 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ −𝐸𝐿−1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ >2∗𝐸𝐿; 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ +𝐸𝐿+2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ <−2∗𝐸𝐿−1; 𝑟−1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ =2𝑟−1𝑜𝑟2𝑟, 𝑟=3,4…,𝐸𝐿; −𝑟+1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ =−2𝑟−1𝑜𝑟−2𝑟, 𝑟=2,3,…,𝐸𝐿;
𝑊 1 ′ = 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ = 2∗𝐸𝐿+1 𝑜𝑟(−2∗𝐸𝐿) 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ = 2∗𝐸𝐿 𝑜𝑟(−2∗𝐸𝐿−1) 𝐸𝐿 x 3 1 2
𝑝 𝑖 ′ 60 69 61 67 75 65 71
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60 -9 3 -4
𝑑 𝑖 60 -4 1 -1
𝑝 𝑖 60 64 63 64
𝑊 2 ′ = (01) 2
𝑊 1 ′ =0 13

14. Proposed scheme (12/12) Final result 𝐸𝐿 𝑝 𝑖 ′ 𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ -9 3 -4 𝑑 𝑖 -4 1x 3 1 2
𝑝 𝑖 ′ 60 69 61 67 75 65 71
𝑑 𝑖 ′′′ 60
-11 5 8 -7 -3 -9 3 -4 60 68 64 70 66 63
𝑑 𝑖 60 -6 2 4 -2 -4 1 -1
𝑝 𝑖 60 70 68 64 66 64 63 64
𝑊 2 ′ = (01) 2
𝑊 2 ′ = (11) 2
𝑊 1 ′ =0
𝑊 1 ′ =0
𝑊 1 ′ =1
Secret data: 14

15. Comparison with other schemes
Experiment results
Comparison with other schemes
Image
Our Scheme
Related Scheme
Capacity
(bpp)
PSNR
(dB)
Barbara
0.800
31.25
0.662
31.05
F16
1.266
28.30
0.974
29.57
Gold hill
0.770
32.57
0.749
31.72
Jet
1.333
34.40
0.963
37.68
Lena
1.135
31.68
0.916
31.58
Tank
0.805
32.71
0.789
30.96
[13] Z. Zhao, H. Luo, Z. M. Lu, and J. S. Pan, \Reversible data hiding based on multilevel histogram modification and
sequential recovery," AEU | Int'l J. Electron. Commun., vol. 65, pp , Oct 15

16. Conclusion
Our scheme focuses on the characteristics of original image, and proposes multi-tier and multi-bit reversible data hiding algorithm with the capability for embedding high capacity. 16